芍药开花过程中花色和色素的变化

 以从内蒙古自治区赤峰市克什克腾旗引种的野生芍药（Paeonia lactiflora）为材料，采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡和分光色差计测量不同开花阶段的花色，利用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD）和高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化-二级质谱联用技术（HPLC-ESI-MS²）定性定量分析其花色素组分，运用多元线性回归方法分析了花色与花瓣中色素组成之间的关系。结果表明：开花过程中花色的明度增加，红色减退，彩度变小，颜色由红紫（N57A）变为淡紫红色（75C）。从其花瓣中共检出6种花青苷，4种黄酮苷和15种黄酮醇苷。其中两种花青苷（芍药花素–3–没食子酰葡萄糖苷–5–葡萄糖苷、芍药花素–3–丙二酰葡萄糖苷–5–葡萄糖苷），两种黄酮苷（木犀草素–7–没食子酰葡萄糖苷、木犀草素–7–阿拉伯糖苷）和13种黄酮醇苷在芍药中属首次报道。分析结果表明其花青苷的主要成分是芍药花素–3, 5–二葡萄糖苷，约占总花青苷含量（total anthocyanins content，TA）的93.93%；其花黄素（包括黄酮和黄酮醇）的主要成分是山奈酚–3–葡萄糖苷，占总黄酮含量（total flavones content，TF）的48.78%。不同的开花阶段，从露色期到松瓣期TA含量略增加，松瓣期后开始降低，TF则先略减少后增加。多元回归结果显示，芍药花素–3, 5–二葡萄糖苷、槲皮素–3–葡萄糖苷、槲皮素–7–葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素–3–葡萄糖苷的含量与花色变化具有线性相关性。

The Changes of Floral Color and Pigments Composition During the Flowering Period in Paeonia lactiflora Pallas

The floral colors and the pigments composition in six blooming phases of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas which was introduced from Hexigten，Inner Mongolia were determined. The floral color in different blooming stages was measured by the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart（R.H.S.C.C.）and a NF333 spectrophotometer. Its anthocyanins and other flavonoids were subsequently analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection（HPLC-DAD）and HPLC electrospray ionization mass spectrometry（HPLC-ESI-MS²）. And the relationship between petal colors and anthocyanin contents was explored by multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that，during the blooming period，the floral lightness increased while the value of chroma decreased，and the floral color changed from red purple（N57A）to violet（75C）. In all，6 kinds of anthocyanins，4 kinds of flavone glycosides（luteolin 7-O-galloylglucoside，luteolin 7-O- arabinoside）and 15 kinds of flavonol glycosides were detected from petals of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas. Among these compounds，2 kinds of anthocyanins（peonidin-3-O-galloylglucoside-5-O-glucoside，peonidin-3-O-malonylglucoside-5-O-glucoside），2 kinds of flavone glycosides，and 13 kinds of flavonol glycosides were detected for the first time. The analysis showed that peonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside（Pn3G5G）was the main anthocyanin which took up 93.93% of the total anthocyanins content（TA），while kaempferol-3-O-glucoside was the main flavonol glucoside with 48.78% of the total flavones content（TF）. In addition，during the six blooming stages，TA increased slightly from the Pigmented stage to the Unfold-petal stage of flowering and decreasedOn the contrary，TF decreased during the first two stages，and then increase continuously. At the last，the multiple linear regression analysis show that the contents of Pn3G5G，isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside，quercetin-3-O-glucoside，quercetin-7-O- glucoside were linear correlation with the floral color changing.edd after that.