芥蓝部分初级三体的选育及细胞学研究

初级三体是用于基因染色体定位的基础材料。以芥蓝自交系‘9501’为试材，采用根尖细胞染色体计数法，从其三倍体与二倍体回交子代中筛选出了34个2n + 1植株，利用无性快繁技术建成可持续利用的单株试管无性系，经核型分析从中初步获得了4个初级三体（1号初级三体，6号初级三体，8号初级三体和随体-初级三体）。各初级三体在株高、株形、叶形等形态特征上表现出一定差异，在减数分裂终变期均以8Ⅱ + 1Ⅲ的联会方式为主，后期Ⅰ染色体呈9/10分离的占绝大多数，额外染色体通过雌配子的传递率为10.15% ~ 27.63%，通过雄配子的传递率为4.91% ~ 11.86%。

Generation and Cytological Research of Four Primary Trisomics in Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey)

Primary trisomics are important materials for gene assignment. Chinese kale（Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey）inbred line‘9501’was used as material，by root tip cell chromosome number examination，34 plants with a extra chromosome（2n + 1 = 19）were selected from the progenies of triploid（2n = 3x = 27）back-crossing with diploid parent（2n = 2x = 18）；via propagation in vitro and karyotype analysis，four primary trisomics（Tri-1，Tri-6，Tri-8 and Tri-SAT）were obtained from the 2n + 1 plants. Each trisomic showed some special characters in morphological traits，and mainly formed 8 bivalents and 1 trivalent（8Ⅱ+ 1Ⅲ）at meiotic diakinesis，and most cells got 9 chromosomes in a pole and 10 chromosomes in another pole（9/10）at meiotic anaphaseⅠ. The extra chromosomes of the four trisomics can transmit through female and male gametes，and the transmission rates ranged from 10.15% to 27.63% for female and 4.91% to 11.86% for male.