麦长管蚜的研究

麦长管蚜又称小麦长管蚜,是同翅目蚜科长管蚜属的昆虫,主要为害小麦、大麦、燕麦、莜麦等作物。麦长管蚜分布于亚洲、东非、欧洲、北美等地区,1年可发生10～20代以上,以无翅孤雌胎生雌蚜繁殖为主,有翅孤雌胎生雌蚜迁飞扩散。一般以成、若蚜为害植株,在茎、叶和穗部取食。叶片被害处呈浅黄色斑点,严重时造成黄叶、卷叶,甚至整株枯死;穗部受害,造成麦粒干瘪,小麦千粒重下降及严重减产。另外,麦长管蚜还可传播小麦病毒病。对麦长管蚜的防治应以农业防治为基础,关键时期采用药剂防治,注意选择农药品种,严格掌握施药技术,减少对天敌的杀伤。非小麦黄矮病流行区,重点抓小麦穗期防治;小麦黄矮病流行区,除进行穗期防治外,还应抓好苗期防治。

The Study of Grain Aphid

Grain aphid was also called wheat aphid,they were insects of Macrosiphum,and were harmful to wheat,barley,oats and other crops.Grain aphid was distributed in Asia,Africa,Europe,North America and other regions,and occurred more than 10 to 20 generations every year.They reproduced by wingless viviparous female parthenogenesis,migrated and spread by alate viviparous female parthenogenesis.They damaged the stems,leaves and spikes of plants by adults and nymphs.There were pale yellow spots on damaged leaves,causing yellow leaf,roll leaf,and even whole plant withered;spikes victimization causing grain dry,grain weight lighter and output declined.In addition,grain aphid also could transmit wheat virus disease.The prevention of grain aphid should be based on agricultural control,use chemical control in crucial period,attend to the selection of pesticide varieties,control of application technology,reduce killing the natural enemy.In non wheat yellow dwarf disease endemic area,peasants should focus on prevention and control of spike period;in wheat yellow dwarf disease endemic area,in addition to spike period control,peasants also should carry out seedling prevention.