培矮64S在湖南和海南的育性差异分析

[目的]研究2010年不育系培矮64S在海南、湖南2个不同的气候区域的育性表现,分析其育性差异,确定其适宜的制种区域。[方法]在长沙设定8个播期,分别为:3月20、30日,4月10、30日,5月15日,6月1、10、20日,在海南设13个播期,分别为1月28,2月12、27、3月14、29日,4月13、28日,5月13、28日,6月12日,7月1、12、27日。常规管理。记录参试品种的抽穗期,以抽穗前0～25 d(相当于花粉母细胞减数分裂期)的日平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温、日照长度等气候要素为指标分析不同气候因子对花粉育性的影响,确定光、温敏感期。[结果]同一不育系在不同的气候区域其敏感期存在很大差异。培矮64S在湖南长沙敏感期处在后4期内,即第Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ期内(0～13 d);在海南海口的敏感期处在前4期,即第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期内(13～25 d)。自然条件下,在海口,培矮64S花粉不育度均99.5%,自交结实率都0.5%,制种比较安全;在湖南,培矮64S花粉不育度在21.3%～100.0%,制种安全系数较海南低。[结论]不育系培矮64S在长沙制种安全系数较海南低。

Analysis of Fertility Differences of Peiai 64S in Hunan and Hainan

[Objective] The purpose was to study and analyze the diffidence of Peiai 64S fertility expression in two different climatic regions,Hainan and Hunan in 2010,and confirm the suitable region for its production of hybrid seeds.[Method] Eight sowing times were designed,March 20th and 30th,April 10th and 30th,May 15th,June 1th,10th and 20th,respectively in Changsha,Hunan;And thirteen sowing times were designed,January 28th,February 12th and 27th,March 14th and 29th,April 13th and 28th,May 13th and 28th,June 12th,July 1th,12th and 27th,respectively.Peiai 64S was generally managed and recorded head sprouting stage during cultivation,and the effects of different climate influencing factors,such as average daily temperature,average daily highest temperature,average daily lowest temperature,duration of day at 0-25 days before head sprouting(namely pollen mother cell meiophase),on pollen fertility were analyzed to confirm sensitive periods of light and temperature.[Result] There was a big difference in sensitive period among the same cytoplasmic male-sterility system(CMS) in different climatic regions.The sensitive period of Peiai 64S was at the latter 4 periods,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ period(0-13 days) in Changsha,Hunan;At the previous 4 periods,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳperiod(13-25 days) in Haikou,Hainan.Under natural conditions,Peiai 64S’s pollen sterility rate were all more than 99.5% and seed-setting rates all less than 0.5% in Haikou,so production of hybrid seeds was safe;Its pollen sterility rate were 21.3%-100.0% in Hunan,so its security coefficient of hybrid seeds production was lower than that in Hainan.[Conclusion] The security coefficient of hybrid seeds production of CMS Peiai 64S is lower than that in Hainan.