新疆木垒县文冠果物候特征研究

[目的]主要对新疆木垒县文冠果果园的25～35 a生文冠果果树生物学特性、文冠果的物候期、开花结果习性、果实类型、树体结构等进行观察研究。[方法]采用测量法测定文冠果生育状况,即每棵树的树体结构、果实种类、种子数量。用称重法测定种子重量和单株产量。[结果]因倒春寒、春季持续低温等气候因素的影响,文冠果树芽萌动期、芽膨大期等物候期出现明显的差异,但是果实成熟期和落叶期基本一致;该园文冠果果实类型有3种:结3裂果的树占总株数88%～90%;结3裂果、4裂果的树占7%～8%;结3裂、4裂、5裂果的树占3%～4%;采取修剪技术可使文冠果产量明显提高。[结论]木垒县文冠果种植园管理粗放,产量较低,果实质量也不高,因此应制定科学合理的栽培技术和管理措施。

Preliminary Study on the Phenology Characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge in the Mulei County of Xinjiang

[Objective]Study the biological characteristics,phenological phase,flowering habit,fruit types,tree body structure,etc.of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge of 25-35 years in the Mulei County of Xinjiang Botany Garde.[Method]The determination of reproductive status by the measurement method,that is each tree structure,fruit type,number of seeds,seed weight and yield by weighing method.[Result]Because of the influence factors of late spring and last low temperature in spring,phenophase has significant difference such as the swelling period and germination period,but the fruit maturation was the same period as the deciduous period.The site fruit types of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge have three kinds: the tree 3(odium) is 88% to 90% of total trees;3(odium),4(odium) is 7% to 8% of the trees;the tree 3,4,5(odium) is of 3% to 4% of the total trees;take pruning technology can make the champions league fruit production increased significantly.[Conclusion] Because of extensive management,low yield,poor quality of fruit,people should formulate the science reasonable cultivation technology and management measures.