适应气候变化的中国农业种植结构调整研究

近百年来,全球正经历一次以变暖为主要特征的气候变化,随着气候变化及其所带来的影响日益显著,目前适应气候变化越来越成为全球关注的热点问题。我国已有的农业种植结构调整适应气候变化实践非常丰富,但诸多研究者并未进行过系统的梳理,对已有实践的适应气候变化内涵没有清晰地认识。为了更好的应对未来气候变化,从种植制度、作物布局、品种布局三个方面阐述了气候变化对中国农业种植结构调整的影响,结合东北水稻玉米扩种、冬麦北移、华北"两晚"技术、长江中下游双季稻改制、南方冬季农业开发等典型适应气候变化案例,探讨复种指数、间作套种模式、作物配置、种植界限、种植比例、抗旱品种、抗病虫害品种等农业种植结构调整的不同方面适应气候变化的内涵,提出了种植结构调整中适应气候变化工作面临的关键问题,倡导进一步加强气候变化各要素对种植熟制的综合影响研究,深入开展农业精细区划与作物布局优化配置研究以及适应气候变化的育种多目标优化决策研究。

Study on Adjustment of Agricultural Planting Structures in China for Adapting to Climate Change#br#

During the past 100 years, the global climate has experienced a major change——become warmer and warmer. Along with this change, its influence has become increasingly remarkable. How to adapt to this change has been a world concerned hot spot. China has abundant practices on adjusting agricultural planting structure to adapt to climate change, but systemical carding is lacking. There is no clear cognition about the rich connotation on the existing practices to adapt to climate change. In order to better reply to climate change, this paper expounded the effect of climate change on China adjustment of agricultural planting structures from the following 3 aspects, including cropping system, crop distribution, cultivars layout. The paper also discussed the connotation on different ways of adjusting agricultural planting structures for adapting to climate change, including multiple-crop index, inter-cropping model, crops collocation, boundary of planting, proportion of crops, drought resisting varieties, disease and insect pests resistant varieties, combining with the typical cases, such as expansion of rice and corn planting areas in Northeast China, moving boundary of winter wheat further north, “two-later” technology in North China, changing double cropping rice in the middle and lower valley of the Yangtze River, exploiting winter agriculture in Southern China, etc.. The key issues facing the adjustment of agricultural planting structure for adapting to climate change were put forward. Studies on integrated impacts of each climate change factor on adjustment of agricultural planting structures should be further enhanced. The agricultural exquisite regionalization, optimal allocation of crops layout, and multi-objective breeding decision should be studied in depth.