我国肉牛养殖效率及影响因素分析

肉牛产业作为我国畜牧业发展的重要组成部分,在提高农牧民收入水平、改善居民膳食结构等方面做出重大贡献。受诸多因素影响,我国肉牛产业和牛肉市场面临巨大压力,提升肉牛养殖技术效率,把握影响技术效率的关键因素,对政府调控肉牛产业、推进产业稳定健康发展具有重要参考意义。利用1998-2014年投入产出非平衡面板数据,借助随机前沿分析方法对河南、黑龙江、宁夏、陕西和新疆五省区肉牛养殖技术效率进行测算,分析其时空分布特征,探究影响肉牛养殖技术效率的关键因素。研究结果表明:1我国肉牛养殖技术效率呈现出逐年上升的趋势,1999-2014年平均技术效率为0.813 7;不同地区肉牛养殖的技术效率存在着显著差异,新疆肉牛养殖技术效率最高,其次为河南,再次为黑龙江,宁夏和陕西排在最后。2养殖密度、产业优势、资本装备和农业机械化对肉牛养殖技术效率具有显著正影响,疫病风险和饲料结构则对其具有显著负影响。

Analysis of Beef Cattle Breeding Efficiency and its Influence Factors in China

Beef cattle industry is an important part of livestock industry in China, and it has made great contribution for increasing farmers and herdsmens economic income and improving urban and rural residents’ dietary structure. But the beef cattle industry and beef market are facing huge pressure under many factors influence. It is of significant reference for the government to regulate and control beef cattle industry to improve the technical efficiency of beef cattle breeding technology, and grasp the key influencing factors. Taking the unbalance panel data from 1998-2014 as material, this paper calculated and analyzed beef cattle breeding technical efficiency of Henan, Heilongjiang, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Xinjiang, and its space-time distribution by stochastic frontier method, then explored those key influencing factors. The results showed that ① the technical efficiency of beef cattle breeding was rising, the average technical efficiency was 0.813 7 from 1999-2014. There were remarkable diferences between technical efficiency of different regions. Xinjiang Autonomous Region had the highest efficiency, followed by Henan, Heilongjiang, Ningxia and Shaanxi. ② stocking density, industry strength, capital equipment, and agricultural mechanization had remarkable positive influence on technical efficiency of beef cattle breeding, while the effect of epidemic disease and feed structure had significant negative influence.