秸秆过剩原因解析及对秸秆利用途径的思考

秸秆焚烧或随意遗弃是困扰我国的一大生态环境问题。对秸秆出现区域性、季节性和结构性过剩的客观原因进行了分析,并从技术和研究的角度,提出了对秸秆利用途径与方法的思考。产生秸秆区域性、季节性和结构性过剩的客观原因主要是秸秆产生量增加、传统利用方式消耗的秸秆数量减少、秸秆利用机会成本不断增加与种植制度改变加剧了收种季节矛盾等。采用改良品种、优化作物布局与调整种植方式等措施减少秸秆产生量,大力发展秸秆生物质能产业增加秸秆就近消纳,加快配套机械设备研发以提高秸秆收集效率,优先发展统筹兼顾经济、社会及生态效益的可持续农业技术等途径有利于解决秸秆过剩问题,促进秸秆全量利用。

Analysis of Reasons for Straw Surplus and Thoughts about Straw Utilization Ways

Straw burning or throwing out at random is one of the main problems destroying ecological environment of our country. This paper analyzed the objective reasons for straw regional, seasonal, and structural surplus described by the literature and policy documents, and put forward the thoughts about straw utilization way and method from the angle of technology and research. The major objective reasons of straw regional, seasonal and structural surplus were increased straw yield, reduced consuming quantity of straw by traditional utilization method, continuous increasing of straw using cost and changes in planting pattern, etc.. All these factors intensified the contradiction between harvest and planting seasons. Adopting measures of improving varieties, optimizing crop distribution, and adjusting planting patterns could reduce the straw yield. Vigorously developing straw biomass energy industry could fortify consuming nearby straw. Accelerating R & D of matched machinery and equipment could enhance the straw collecting efficiency. Making overall plans to develop economy, society and ecological effect, etc. sustainable agricultural technology were favorable for solving straw surplus problem and promoting the full dose utilization of straw.