新型种子包衣机静电雾化装置的研究

种子包衣技术普遍存在对种子呈凹凸形状的脐部覆盖不足的问题,严重影响种子的发芽率。提出将静电雾化技术应用到种子包衣中,以此解决种子包衣不足的问题。静电雾化技术的核心是使喷洒出的雾滴携带电荷,因此研究携带电荷的雾滴成为研究静电雾化技术的关键。通过静电喷雾实验及雾滴参数测试,得出在喷雾压力0.4 MPa,充电电压25 k V时,雾滴平均半径0.072 mm,拌种剂雾化效果最佳;并利用低频有限元软件Ansoft Maxwell对不同数量的荷电雾滴与平板接地导体之间的空间电场进行模拟仿真,采集不同情况下的电场强度数据,分析荷电雾滴所产生空间电场的分布规律;最后对雾滴群与更接近种子形状的球形导体之间的空间电场进行模拟仿真,从仿真结果得出雾滴群所产生的电场可以完全包围球形导体,这有利于拌种剂全面覆盖种子,特别是呈凹凸形状的脐部,提高种子包衣质量,从而得出将静电雾化技术运用到种子包衣上是可行和有效的方法。

Studies on the Seed Coating Machine with Electrostatic Atomizing Device

Seed coating technology has a problem in seed of concave-convex shape. Its umbilical region is not covered enough, which has seriously affected the seed germination rate. This paper proposed the application of electrostatic atomization technology to seed coating to solve the problem of deficient seed coating. The core of electrostatic atomization technology was to make the spray droplets carrying charge. Therefore, carrying charge droplet became the key research. Through electrostatic spraying experiment and droplet parameters test, it was found that seed-dressing agent with 0.4 MPa spray pressure, 25 kV charging voltage, 0.072 mm average droplet radius had the best atomization effect. This study also simulated the space electric field between different charged droplets number and flat ground conductor using low-frequency finite element software Ansoft Maxwell. The results showed that the electric field generated by droplets could be completely surrounded by a spherical conductor, which was conducive to completely cover seeds by seed dressing agent, especially the concave-convex region, and improved seed coating quality, so the electrostatic atomization technology was a feasible and effective way for seed coating.