复合生物有机肥对烤烟光合生理特性及土壤微生物的影响

为探讨配施含芽孢杆菌和EM(effective microorganisms,EM)菌的复合生物有机肥对烤烟光合生理特性及土壤微生物的影响,通过对该复合生物有机肥不同配施量与单施化肥的对比,分析打顶7 d后烤烟生长发育与光合生理特性、烟叶经济性状与经济效果指数(economic character index,ECI)和化学成分可用性指数(chemical components usable index,CCUI),以及土壤微生物的影响,结果表明:与单施化肥相比,配施复合生物有机肥处理的净光合速率、上等烟比例、均价、产量和产值、烟叶经济效果指数(ECI)分别提高15.0%~18.1%、6.84%~9.50%、2.86%~3.70%、9.91%~11.90%、13.0%~16.0%,上部橘黄2级(B2F)和中部橘黄3级(C3F)烟叶可用性指数(CCUI)比单施化肥处理分别提高了5.78%~6.06%和3.54%~5.28%,土壤中的三大微生物细菌、真菌和放线菌总量显著高于单施化肥的处理。上述结果揭示复合生物有机肥在南方烟稻轮作区植烟土壤上的使用效果,为植烟土壤改良提供新的技术措施。

Effects of Compound Bio-organic Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Photosynthetic Physiological Characters & Soil Microbes

In order to explore the effects of compound bio-organic fertilizer mixed with Bacillus subtillis and EM bacteria upon flue-cured tobacco photosynthetic physiological characters & soil microbes, this paper analyzed growth and development, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, economic characters index, chemical compound usable index (CCUI), and soil microbes of flue-cured tobacco 7 d after topping, through comparing the different combined application of this compound bio-organic fertilizer with single chemical fertilizer. The results indicated that the net photosynthetic rate, high-class tobacco rate, average price, yield and value of yield of the compound bio-organic and tobacco economic character index (ECI) were increased by 15.0%~18.1%, 6.84%~9.50%, 2.86%~3.70%, 991%~11.90% and 13.0%~16.0%, respectively, compared with the single chemical fertilizer treatment. The usable index (CCUI) of B2F & C3F were increased by 5.78%~6.06% and 3.54%~5.28%, respectively, compared with the single chemical fertilizer treatment. And the total amount of 3 microbes, soil-bacteria, fungus and actinomycetes was significantly higher than that by the single chemical fertilizer treatment. This study revealed effect of bio-organic fertilizer application on soil of southern China tobacco/rice rotation regions, where soil fertility was decreased, damages by soil-born diseases became serious, and tobacco yield and quality were all deteriorated owing to the long-term chemical fertilizer application. This paper provided new technical measures for improving soil, where flue-cured tobacco was planted.