多方参与途径下的日本花城建设模式

【目的】日本的花城建设运动在人居景观环境改善提升的需求背景下,以大阪国际花绿博览会为契机,于1991年开始由民间非营利组织日本花之会主办推广。运动秉承"自然与人类共生"的基本理念,呼吁社会各界自发参与身边的环境建设活动。本文从多方参与的研究视角,对日本花城建设运动的发展模式进行梳理,分析建设过程中的多方参与途经及多方主体的合作方式。希望能够为我国新型城镇化建设、人居景观环境提升等方面提供参考和借鉴。【方法】在梳理多方参与途经下花城建设的运营、发展方式的基础上,对2003年起的279个花城建设活动样本进行信息收集,将整理得出的22项环境、社会、经济方面的活动内容转换为0-1变量导入SPSS软件,使用Ward法和平方欧式距离聚类进行聚类分析。【结果】以组间距离最大、分组大于3组为基准切割树状图,得到3个分组,分别为个人与企业为主体的社会贡献型、民间组织和行政单位的公共活动型,以及学校团体的环境教育型。【结论】花城建设运动以城市事件为契机由民间非营利组织创设,在政府、居民、其他组织和企业社会贡献的支持下得以持续开展。居民、民间组织、行政单位和企业4类主体以社会贡献、公共活动,环境教育等方式参与其中,活动方式各有侧重,相互配合形成多方参与的合作体系。

Floral town construction model under multi-participation approach in Japan

ObjectiveIn the context of improving the human settlements, floral town construction movement was launched by The Flower Association of Japan. Taken the Osaka Flower Green Expo in 1990 as an opportunity, the movement started in 1991 under a multi-participation approach. Based on the main theme of “the harmonious coexistence of nature and mankind”, the movement calls on all society to participate in the environmental construction activities. This paper aims to sort out the development model of the Japanese floral town construction movement from the perspective of multi-participation, and analyze the multi-participation path and the cooperation mode of multiple parties in the construction process. It will provide some reference for China’s new urbanization development and human settlements construction.MethodBased on the combing of operation and development mode of the movement under multi-participation process, this paper lists 279 construction samples by environmental, social and economic categories and 22 sub-categories of activities from 2003 to 2018. After converting the list into 0-1 variables, samples are clustered by a cluster analysis using SPSS software, with the Ward method and squared Euclidean distance.ResultThe tree diagram is cut according to the distance between groups and whether more than 3 groups, then 3 groups are obtained: (1) taking individuals and enterprises as main part creating flower landscapes for social contribution purpose, (2) NPOs and governments cooperating to organize public activities, (3) school groups conducting environmental education.ConclusionThe movement was created by NPO with the opportunity of urban events, and was continuously carried out with the support of the government, residents, other NPOs and corporate social responsibility. Those 4 types of subjects participate in social contribution, public activities and environmental education purpose. Each mode of activity has its focus and cooperates to form a cooperative system of multi-participation.