新疆机采模式下棉花株行距配置对冠层结构指标及产量的影响

【目的】为了研究不同株行距配置对机采棉花冠层结构指标及产量的影响。【方法】在田间条件下,选用棉花杂交种鲁棉研24号和常规品种新陆早60号为供试材料,设置适宜机采的1膜3行等行距(76 cm+76cm+76 cm)低密度、1膜6行宽窄行(66 cm+10 cm)高密度及1膜3行等行距(76 cm+76 cm+76 cm)双株高密度3种配置方式进行试验。【结果】等行距低密度下,棉花生育前期生长旺盛,叶面积指数与光吸收率迅速增加至最高值;生育后期,叶面积指数及光吸收率下降幅度分别为10.4%~13.6%、3.7%~4.2%,低于其他两种处理,且干物质积累量较高。等行距低密度下杂交棉产量最高。【结论】等行距低密度下杂交棉实现高产的生理基础主要是:生育前期叶面积指数及光吸收率增长迅速,干物质积累较快;生育后期叶面积指数及光吸收率下降缓慢,能维持较高水平,光合生产能力较高,干物质积累量最大。

Row Spacing and Planting Density Affect Canopy Structure and Yield in Machine-Picked Cotton in Xinjiang

Objective] In this study,we examined the effect of row spacing and planting density on canopy structure and yield.Method] Hybrid cotton Lumianyan 24 and conventional cotton Xinluzao 60 were used as materials for field experiments.Ourexperimental design consisted of three arrangements:a film of three lines with equal row spacing (76 cm+76 cm+76 cm) under low planting density,a film of six lines with wide-narrow row spacing (66 cm +10 cm) under high density,and a film of three lines with equal row spacing (76 cm+76 cm+76 cm) under high density.Result] Cotton growth in a film of three lines with equal row spacing under low planting density was vigorous,with LAI and Ru increasing rapidly and peaking at the early growth stage.Under this arrangement,the decrease intensity of LAI and Ru were 10.4％-13.6％ and 3.7％-4.2％ lower than the other two treatments,respectively;this arrangement of hybrid cotton also exhibited the highest dry matter accumulation at the late growth stage and gave the highest yield at harvest.Conclusion] Compared with the other two arrangements,hybrid cotton planted in equally spaced rows under low planting density conditions had the greatest dry matter accumulation in the late growth stage and gave the highest yields because LAI,Ru and dry matter accumulation increased rapidly in the early growth stage,with photosynthetic efficiency accordingly increased by high LAI and Ru.