黄河流域棉区纤维品质区域分布特征与生态区划研究

【目的】旨在研究黄河流域试验环境与参试品种品质性状互作模式。【方法】选用2005―2014年国家棉花品种区域试验黄河流域棉区中熟常规组19个试验点,作为试验环境;运用GGE模型绘制双标图,结合纤维品质性状选择对适宜的生态区划分进行探讨,并基于GGE双标图对纺纱均匀性指数与其他指标的相关性进行研究。【结果】(1)纤维的纺纱均匀性指数与纤维的上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和长度整齐度指数呈极显著正相关,与断裂伸长率、反射率表现为正相关但不显著,与马克隆值显示为负相关但不显著。(2)黄河流域棉区纤维品质性状在19个生态试点的表现可划分为3个特征明显的纤维品质生态区。第Ⅰ生态区包括江苏泗阳、响水,安徽灵璧,河南新乡和商丘,其纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和纺纱均匀性指数都显著高于其余生态区,长度整齐度指数显著高于第Ⅲ生态区,且纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和马克隆值协调较好,都达到了国家棉花品种审定的Ⅱ型标准,为"优质纤维生态区"。第Ⅱ生态区包括陕西大荔,河南西华,山东宁津,河北石家庄和故城,其马克隆值较高,纤维上半部平均长度和断裂比强度表现一般,纺纱均匀性指数表现最差,为"普通纤维生态区"。第Ⅲ生态区包括陕西杨凌,山西运城,河南安阳,河北邯郸、沧州,天津宁河,山东惠民、金乡和临清,其马克隆值最低,其余性状表现中等,为"低马克隆值生态区"。【结论】本研究明确了黄河流域棉区棉花纤维品质生态区的划分,可为黄河流域广适性棉花品种的选育、生态区划分和理想试验环境选择等提供依据。

Studies on Regional Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Regionalization of Cotton Fiber Quality in the Yellow River Valley

Object] This paper focused on interaction patterns between trial environments and cotton fiber quality performance.Method] We analyzed the cotton fiber quality distribution characteristics by using the data sets of national cotton regional trials during 2005-2014.Environmental samples were focused on 19 test locations of medium-mamring and conventional cotton varieties in the Yellow River valley.Cotton fiber quality performance and environment interaction patterns based on the selection fiber quality breeding traits,the correlation between spinning consistency index and fiber traits were explored with GGE biplot method to analyze the potential ecological sub-regions.Result] (1) The significant correlations were found among fiber spinning consistency index,fiber length,strength and uniformity index,and micronaire was significantly related with elongation negatively,while no significant relationships among other traits were detected.(2) The target cotton planting region in the Yellow River valley could be divided into three subregions in terms of cotton fiber quality in the nineteen ecological trials.The ecological subregion Ⅰ including Siyang and Xiangshui of Jiangsu,Lingbi of Anhui,and Xinxiang and Shangqiu of Henan was charac terized by best performances of fiber upper half mean length,breaking strength,uniformity and spinning consistency index,in which fiber index were all significantly superior than those of the other two subregions,while fiber uniformity index was signifi cantly higher than that of the subregion Ⅲ.Generally speaking,fiber upper half mean length,breaking strength and micronaire were developed harmoniously and all reached the class Ⅱ level of national cotton registration standard in the subregion Ⅰ,which was named as "super quality ecological regions".The subregion Ⅱ covering Dali of Shaanxi,Xihua of Henan,Shijiazhuang and Gucheng of Hebei,and Ningjin of Shandong was characterized by relative higher micronaire,moderate performances of fiber length and strength,relative poor spinning consistency index,so named as "moderate fiber ecological region".The subregion Ⅲ containing Yangling of Shaanxi,Yuncheng of Shanxi,Anyang of Henan,Handan and Cangzhou of Hebei,Ninghe of Tianjin,and Huimin,Jinxiang and Linqing of Shandong was characterized by lower micronaire and moderate performances of other fiber traits,could be called as "low micronaire ecological region".Conclusion] This study helps to definite ecological region of cotton fiber quality in the Yellow River valley,and can provide foundations for the selection of cotton varieties,ecological division and ideal test environment selection in the Yellow River valley.