机采棉杂交后代主要株型性状与产量和品质的关系

【目的】从株型、产量及品质众多复杂因素中找出影响机械化生产较大的因素并进行遗传改良,选育适宜机械化生产的高产优质品种,提高棉花育种的效率。【方法】以陆地棉Z571与中棉所49杂交的F2:3群体为研究对象,应用统计软件SAS V8等分析其农艺性状的变异、方差和相关性。【结果】F2:3群体株系材料间农艺性状发生了显著分离,且后代中出现了许多超亲个体,在田间进行选择时要注意农艺性状之间复杂的关系;株高、单株果枝数与单位面积籽棉产量呈极显著正相关;单株果枝数与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈极显著负相关,与马克隆值呈现正相关;单株营养枝数与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈极显著正相关,与马克隆值呈现显著负相关;产量构成因素中的单位面积铃数与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈极显著正相关,与马克隆值呈极显著负相关,铃重和品质性状的相关性与单位面积铃数相反。【结论】株型性状与产量和品质之间均存在显著或极显著的遗传相关;高产高品质的株型特征为单株营养枝数较多;选育高产优质的棉花新品种时要选择铃数较多、铃重较小的材料。

Relation of Plant Type Traits with Fiber Yield and Quality in the Crossing Population of Mechanical-Harvested Cotton

Objective] This study aimed to determine the most important factors for mechanized production,make genetic improvements,and breed high yield and quality varieties suitable for mechanized production,so as to effectively improve the efficiency of cotton breeding.Method] We used SAS V8 statistical software to analyze the variation,correlation,and variance of agronomic characteristics in the F2:3 crossing population of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties Z571 and CCRI 49.Result] There was a significant separation between the agronomic traits ofF2∶3 population lines,and many transgressive individuals appeared in their descendants.When selecting in the field,we found it important to focus on the complex relationship among agronomic traits.Seed cotton yield per unit area was significantly positively correlated with plant height and number of fruit branches.The number of fruit branches was significantly negatively correlated with average fiber length and breaking tenacity,and significantly positively correlated with the micronaire value.Conversely,the number of vegetative branches was significantly positively correlated with the average fiber length and breaking tenacity,and significantly negatively correlated with the micronaire value.The boll number,one component factor of yield,was significantly positively correlated with the average fiber length and breaking tenacity,and was significantly negatively correlated with the micronaire value.Conversely,the boll weight,another component factor of yield,showed the opposite pattern.Conclusion] Plant traits had significant or extreme sig nificant genetic correlations with yield and quality.High yield and high quality cotton had more vegetative branches.New varieties of cotton with high yield and quality should,therefore,be selected based on a great number of smaller bolls.