Fine-root rhizosphere and morphological adaptations to site conditions in interaction with tree mineral nutrition in young silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands |
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Authors: | Katrin Rosenvald Ivika Ostonen Marika Truu Jaak Truu Veiko Uri Aivo Vares Krista Lõhmus |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;(2) Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia |
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Abstract: | Limited nutrient acquisition from soil is a key process limiting productivity in boreal forest. We investigated short-root morphological adaptations and rhizosphere effect in relation to site conditions in interaction with tree mineral nutrition. We studied seven young (8- to 14-year-old) silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands on abandoned agricultural land in Estonia. Soil pH varied from 3.8 to 7.0, and soil N % from 0.07 to 0.26%. Tree nutrient (NPK) status was expressed by leaf nutrient concentrations. Leaf N correlated negatively with short-root specific length and area. Summed activity (SA) and metabolic diversity of bacteria (by BIOLOG Ecoplate™), bacterial community diversity (by DGGE) and pHKCl were determined for rhizosphere (R) and bulk soil (S) to reveal the extent of the rhizosphere effect. Bacterial activity in rhizosphere was 1.4–4.7 times higher than in bulk soil. Ratio SAR/SAS indicating root support to the rhizosphere bacterial communities decreased with increasing bulk soil pH; however, when bulk soil pH was ≥5, the decrease in SAR/SAS was insignificant, i.e. the rhizosphere effect stayed at a stable level. Diversity of bacterial community was 6% higher in bulk soil than in rhizosphere. Rhizosphere acidification occurred in studied stands when bulk soil pHKCl ≥ 5. Short-root N % correlated positively with SAR/SAS. We concluded that tree N-nutritional status was related to short-root morphological parameters but not to studied microbiological characteristics in the soil of young silver birch stands. |
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