西南地区玉米高产稳定性与主要农艺性状的回归及相关分析

目的]了解玉米各农艺性状与其高产稳产性之间的关系,为优良玉米品种的选育提供理论依据.方法]对52个玉米品种的农艺性状与平均产量建立回归分析模型,运用DPS软件计算相关系数、稳定性参数及灰色关联度.结果]玉米各主要农艺性状与其平均产量的关联顺序为：穗长＞行粒数＞穗行数＞株高＞穗位高＞秃尖长;与稳定性的关联顺序为：穗长＞株高＞行粒数＞穗行数＞穗位高＞秃尖长.从相关系数的计算结果来看,穗长与平均产量相关性最大,相关系数为0.58227,达极显著水平;秃尖长与平均产量相关性最小,相关系数仅为0.04689;穗长与稳定性相关性最大,相关系数为0.44698,达极显著;穗位高与稳定性的相关性最小,相关系数仅为0.04567.结论]穗长、行粒数、穗行数、株高、穗位高、秃尖长6个主要农艺性状中,穗长对平均产量、稳定性系数影响最大且为极显著正相关,在育种实践中,加大对穗长性状的选择力度,有可能选育出具丰产性与稳产性的优良品种.

Regression and correlation analysis between high-yield stability and main agronomic traits in maize

Objective ]The relationship between every agronomic trait and high-yield stability was studied to provide theoretical references for breeding superior maize varieties. Method ]Regression analysis model between agronomic traits of 52 maize varieties and average yield was built to calculate relevant correlation index, stability index and grey correlation degree using DPS software. Result]Relationship sequence between six traits and average yield was ear length〉kernel number per row〉rows per ear〉plant height〉ear height〉bare tip length. Relationship sequence between six traits and stabili- ty was ear length〉plant height〉kernel number per row〉rows per ear〉ear height〉plant height〉bare tip length. From the cor- relation coefficient calculation results, ear length was mostly related to average yield with correlation coefficient being 0.58227, reaching the extremely significant level. Bare tip length had minimum correlation with average yield with correla- tion coefficent of 0.04689. Ear length had maximum correlation with stability parameter with correlation coefficient of 0.44698 reaching the extremely significant level. Ear height had minimum correlation with stability parameter with correla- tion coefficent being 0.04567. Conclusion]The experiment suggested that amongst the six main agronomic traits （ear length, kernel number per row, ear row, plant height, ear height, sterile length）, ear length was extremely positively re- lated to average yield and stability. In practical breeding, more emphasis should be put on ear length so as to breed more high-quality cultivars with high yield and stability.