纳米硅材料对植物生长发育影响的研究进展

随着纳米技术的快速发展,其在植物和农业上的应用已逐渐引起广泛兴趣。作为纳米材料的一种,纳米硅由于独特的结构和物理化学性质被广泛应用。纳米硅材料不断增加的生产和应用是否对环境中的植物及农作物带来影响,是一个值得关注的问题。本文就近年来国内外在纳米硅材料与植物相互作用及其对植物生长发育影响的研究进行了详细综述。首先介绍植物对纳米硅材料的吸附和吸收,分析纳米硅在植物体内的运输方式并描述纳米硅在植物体内的积累和分布情况;随后,详细介绍了纳米硅材料对植物不同生长发育阶段的影响,并分析了该影响产生的生理和分子机理;接着分析了纳米硅材料对植物抗逆性的影响及其原因;阐述了纳米硅作为肥料对植物（尤其是农作物）的应用效果;最后概括了纳米硅材料与植物互作研究中存在的问题、理论深度以及进一步的研究方向,并提出了具体建议,以期为纳米硅材料在农业生产上的安全、高效利用提供参考。

Research Progress of Silica Nanoparticle Effects on the Growth and Development of Plants

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the interest in the applications of the technology in plants and agricultural sectors has increased. Among all the nano-materials, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are being widely used because of the unique structure and physicochemical properties. As the production and application of SiNPs continues to increase, they are inevitably discharged into the environment and conduct uncertain influences on plants and crop species. This paper mainly summarized in detail the researches on the interactions between SiNPs and plants, and the effects on the growth and development of plants in recent years. Firstly, the uptake and absorption of SiNPs by plants was introduced, and the transportation and distribution of SiNPs in plants was described. Then, the effects of SiNPs on each of the life cycle stages of plants including seed germination, seedling growth, seeding and production were present, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of these impacts were explored. Meanwhile, the influences of SiNPs on plant stress resistance were documented and the reasons were given. In addition, the application of silica nano-fertilizers on plants especially crops and their effects were introduced. Finally, the problems such as the theoretical depth and further research directions in the study on the interactions between SiNPs and plants were mentioned. Therefore, suggestions were given in order to provide a reliable and in-depth theoretical basis for the safe and efficient utilization of SiNPs on agricultural sections.