Idiopathic brood disease syndrome and queen events as precursors of colony mortality in migratory beekeeping operations in the eastern United States |
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Authors: | Dennis vanEngelsdorp David R Tarpy Eugene J Lengerich Jeffery S Pettis |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Entomology, Plant Science Building, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States;2. Department of Entomology, Campus Box 7613, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, United States;3. Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, United States;4. USDA – ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Bldg. 476 BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States |
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Abstract: | Using standard epidemiological methods, this study set out to quantify the risk associated with exposure to easily diagnosed factors on colony mortality and morbidity in three migratory beekeeping operations. Fifty-six percent of all colonies monitored during the 10-month period died. The relative risk (RR) that a colony would die over the short term (~50 days) was appreciably increased in colonies diagnosed with Idiopathic Brood Disease Syndrome (IBDS), a condition where brood of different ages appear molten on the bottom of cells (RR = 3.2), or with a “queen event” (e.g., evidence of queen replacement or failure; RR = 3.1). We also found that several risk factors—including the incidence of a poor brood pattern, chalkbood (CB), deformed wing virus (DWV), sacbrood virus (SBV), and exceeding the threshold of 5 Varroa mites per 100 bees—were differentially expressed in different beekeeping operations. Further, we found that a diagnosis of several factors were significantly more or less likely to be associated with a simultaneous diagnosis of another risk factor. These finding support the growing consensus that the causes of colony mortality are multiple and interrelated. |
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