谷胱甘肽和活性氧对哺乳动物配子作用的研究进展

文章综述了近年来关于谷胱甘肽对哺乳动物精子、卵母细胞和胚胎早期发育的作用及活性氧对精子功能的影响。在雄性和雌性配子中,谷胱甘肽起着保护精子和卵母细胞免受氧化损害的作用。在卵母细胞减数分裂中谷胱甘肽具有维持纺锤体形态的作用,受精后,巯基在精核的形成中起着积极的作用,并促进早期胚胎发育到囊胚阶段。在卵母细胞成熟过程中,谷胱甘肽的浓度发生着变化。它的合成受促性腺激素的调节,在精子的发生过程中随着精子的成熟,谷胱甘肽的浓度逐渐降低,但活性氧对精子功能也有多方面的作用。文章对卵丘细胞中小分子巯基化合物在谷胱甘肽合成中的重要作用也进行了综述。

The Role of Glutathione and Reactive Oxygen Species in Mammalian Gametes

The paper reviewed a recent research on the role of glutathione(GSH) in the male and female germ cells as well as during the early stages of embryo development and reactive oxygen species(ROS) in the function of the male cells in mammals.In both the male and female gametes,GSH is involved in the protection of these cells against oxidative damage.Glutathione has been implicated in maintaining the meiotic spindle morphology of the oocyte.After fertilization,this thiol plays an active role in the formation of the male pronucleus,and has a beneficial effect on early embryogenesis to the blastocyst stage. GSH concentrations change within the oocytes during meiotic maturation and its synthesis is regulated by gonadotropins.Furthermore,GSH concentrations in the maturing spermatozoa gradually decline during spermatogenesis.Reactive oxygen species alse have many roles in the function of male cells in mammals.This review also addressed the important role of cumulus cells in glutathione synthesis.