河南省蔬菜比较优势区域差异分析

基于近10年河南省蔬菜种植统计数据,分析河南省蔬菜生产各个市(县)比较优势差异,以期为河南省蔬菜生产结构和区域布局提供决策依据。根据比较优势理论,以规模优势指数、效率优势指数、综合优势指数为参考指标对河南省7类蔬菜在28市(县)的比较优势进行分析。结果表明:河南省蔬菜种植区域差异性明显,不同市(县)具有各自的优劣势蔬菜种类。叶菜类蔬菜在平顶山市综合优势最显著,3种比较优势指数均大于1;白菜类蔬菜在河南省中东部和北部3种比较优势指数均大于1;根茎类蔬菜在河南省西部3种比较优势都显著,优势指数均大于1;瓜类蔬菜在河南省西部和北部山地综合比较优势显著;茄果类蔬菜在河南省各市(县)都不具有综合优势;葱蒜类蔬菜适合多个地区种植生产;豆类蔬菜在安阳市、焦作市、南阳市、永城市3种比较优势显著;综合来看,郑州市、安阳市、三门峡市、南阳市、济源市、邓州市蔬菜3种比较优势指数均较高。河南省应当以比较优势原理为参考,优化蔬菜生产结构和区域布局,以充分发挥蔬菜生产的比较优势;应该通过明确发展定位,优化区域布局;强化科技支撑,培养专业人才;加强政府支持力度,推进农业提质增效等措施来提高各地区的综合优势和竞争力。

Analysis on Regional Difference of Vegetable Comparative Advantage in Henan Province

Abstract: Based on the statistical data of vegetable planting in Henan province in recent 10 years, the comparative advantages of different cities (counties) in vegetable production in Henan province were analyzed to provide a basis for decision-making of vegetable production structure and regional layout in Henan province. According to the theory of comparative advantage, the comparative advantages of 7 kinds of vegetables in 28 cities (counties) in Henan province were analyzed by using scale advantage index, efficiency advantage index and comprehensive advantage index as reference indexes. The results showed that there were obvious differences in vegetable planting regions in Henan province, and different cities (counties) had their own advantages and disadvantages of vegetable types. The comprehensive advantages of leaf vegetables in Pingdingshan city were the most significant and the three advantage indexes were more than 1. The three advantages indexes of cabbage vegetables in the central and eastern and northern parts of Henan province were all more than 1. The comparative advantages of root and tuber vegetables in the west of Henan province were all significant, and the advantage indexes were greater than 1. The comprehensive comparative advantage of melon vegetables in western and northern of Henan province was significant. The cigar-fruit vegetables had no comprehensive advantages in all cities (counties) of Henan province. Onion and garlic vegetables were suitable for planting and production in many areas. Three kinds of comparative advantage of legume vegetables were significant in Anyang, Jiaozuo, Nanyang and Yongcheng cities. On the whole, three kinds of comparative advantage indexes were relatively significant in Zhengzhou, Anyang, Sanmenxia, Nanyang, Jiyuan and Dengzhou cities. Henan province should take the principle of comparative advantage as a reference, optimize the structure and regional layout of vegetable production, so as to give full play to the comparative advantage of vegetable production. The comprehensive advantages and competitiveness of each region should be improved by some measures, containing making clear development orientation, optimizing regional layout, strengthening scientific and technological support, training professional talents, strengthening government support, promoting improvement of agricultural quality and efficiency .