不同覆盖方式对土壤肥力和马铃薯产量的影响

为了研究不同覆盖方式对土壤物理特性、有效养分以及马铃薯产量的影响，以早大白马铃薯为试验材料，设置常规露地（对照）和普通聚乙烯地膜、生物可降解膜、稻草3种覆盖方式，比较了不同时期土壤含水率、pH值、养分含量以及产量。结果表明：稻草覆盖保水效果最佳；生物可降解膜覆盖、稻草覆盖在马铃薯生长后期可提高土壤肥力，以生物可降解膜覆盖尤为明显，成熟期几乎所有速效养分指标均高于其他处理，与对照相比，土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别高出7.49 g/kg、23.00 mg/kg、11.0 mg/kg、26.0 mg/kg。综合成本效益，除了稻草覆盖由于小薯多而效益比对照降低22.2%外，普通聚乙烯地膜覆盖和生物可降解膜覆盖比对照效益分别提高29.7%和24.2%。总之，普通聚乙烯地膜和生物可降解膜均可提高马铃薯产量和效益，但生物可降解地膜覆盖还可以改善土壤养分状况，减少环境污染，更具有推广价值。

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Soil Fertility and Potato Yield

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different mulching methods on soil physical properties, soil available nutrients and potato yield, potato cultivar ''Zaodabai'' was used as experimental material, treatments such as conventional open ground (control) and ordinary polyethylene plastic film, biodegradable membrane and straw stalk were set up, and the soil moisture content, pH value, nutrient content in different growth periods and potato yield were compared. The results showed that straw mulching had the best effect on water retention. Biodegradable membrane mulching and straw mulching could improve soil fertility at the later stage of potato growth, especially in the biodegradable film mulching. Almost all available nutrient indexes of biodegradable membrane mulching were higher at the maturity stage than those of other treatments, the contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 7.49 g/kg, 23.00 mg/kg, 11.0 mg/kg and 26.0 mg/kg compared with the control, respectively. In terms of cost and benefit, the benefit of the staw muching was 22.2% lower than that of the control due to the abundance of small potatos, the benefits of ordinary polyethylene mulching and biodegradable mulching were increased by 29.7% and 24.2% compared with the control, respectively. In conclusion, both ordinary polyethylene membrane mulching film and biodegradable membrane mulching could improve yield and benefit of potato, but biodegradable membrane mulching could improve nutrient status of soil and reduce environmental pollution, which had more popularization value.