辽东山区水源林改造后的生态与经济效益分析

对辽东山区水源林改造及林下经济开发的生态防护功能进行了研究.结果表明:森林采伐后,树冠截留量减少,地表径流明显增加.皆伐改造区地表径流、土壤流失量是对照区的210.7％ 、517.6％,抚育改造区是对照区的182.2％、373.7％.说明采伐强度越大,水土流失越严重.抚育改造区枯枝落叶量比对250仅减少11％,说明抚育改造后枯枝落叶层对降水截留影响较小.利用水源林发展林下经济,利润是对照区的250.99％～283.45％,经济效益显著.林下栽植的经济植物还能起到一定程度的固土保水作用,有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾的质量分数显著提高.结合辽东山区天然次生林资源现状和特点,抚育改造是较好的天然次生林恢复措施.

Ecological and Economic Benefits of Water Conservation Forests in Eastern Mountainous Region of Liaoning Province After Different Types of Alteration

A survey was performed to study the ecological protection functions of water conservation forests in eastern mountainous region of Liaoning Province after alteration or under-forest economic development.Result showed that the canopy interception in the forest after cutting decreased and the surface flow increased.The surface runoff and soil loss amount in the clear cutting plot were 110.7% and 417.6% higher than those in the check plot,while the surface runoff and soil loss amount in the plot after tending thinning-improvement were 82.2% and 273.7% higher than those in the check plot,respectively.It shows that the water loss amount increases with increasing cutting intensity.Litterfall in the plot after alteration decreased by 11% compared with the check plot,indicating that litter layer had little influence on precipitation interception after tending thinning-improvement.The profit of the water conservation forests after under-forest economic development was 150.99%-183.45% higher than that of the check plot.The under-forest economic plants,to some extent,could conserve soil and water.Moreover,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium increased remarkably.Considering the actuality and characteristic of the secondary forest resources in eastern mountainous region of Liaoning Province,tending thinning-improvement is a better measure for the improvement of secondary forests.