食用菌病毒研究进展

食用菌病毒作为真菌病毒的一部分,有多种形态,多数为分段的dsRNA基因组形式,也有正义单链RNA,其中主要编码衣壳蛋白和依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶。目前,已有食用菌病毒基因组序列被测定,并分析了其基因组的结构与功能。dsRNA技术和酶学方法使dsRNA食用菌病毒的研究很容易的深入到分子水平,特别是dsRNA技术,已在平菇得到应用。食用菌病毒有其特有的复制模式,分两个阶段进行,其原始的起源可能是自我复制的细胞内mRNA,因为细胞内mRNA明显的原始性。综述了上述内容,并对食用菌病毒与其寄主在共进化这方面做了进一步展望,对食用菌病毒的进一步研究,以及选育脱毒菌株,都有重要的意义。

Research Progress in Mushroom Virus

The different shape mushroom viruses are part of mycoviruses and most of them possess undivided dsRNA genomes, but some of them possess the positive single-strand genomes. The undivided dsRNA genomes composed of a coat protein (CP) gene and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene are the best feature of genomes of mushroom viruses. Mushroom viruses have been sequenced and the structure and function of their genomes have been analyzed. DsRNA technique and the method of enzymology make the study of the mushroom viruses easy to reach to molecular level. Especially dsRNA technique applied to the Pleurotus ostreatus. Mushroom viruses have special replicative form, which have two phases, and the theory of a cellular self-replicating mRNA as their origin of them is attractive because of their obvious ancient origin. These contents were reviewed in this paper. We expatiate on the further research progress in the relationship between mushroom viruses and their hosts. It is important to research further the mushroom viruses and to screen the free viruses strain.