论作物育种的科学与艺术

从传统育种(优选法)→常规育种(杂交)→现代育种(基因工程、分子育种)。育种是从一门有艺术的科学,发展成了是一门有科学的艺术。如今育种的科学性比艺术性更加重要。育种学是一门高度抽象和系统综合的哲学,有一定创新理论指导和需要精湛艺术的科学。育种学家必须是一个多面手,要善于发现和利用关键的基因及创造新的基因型,亲本选配和后代选育是关键艺术。育种学是环境学中的优生学,是生态学中的经济学。作物育种应该遵循以下8大原则:克服高产限制因子原则,高产原则,稳产原则,适应性广原则,自然资源高效利用原则,满足社会需求原则,生态选择适应原则,演变进化创新原则。育种学需要不断创新和发展。应该重视各种育种技术的相互结合和合理利用,发展和提高育种的科学和艺术水平,同时提高育种效率,选育出更多的优良品种。

Discussion on Science and Art of Crop Breeding

Since tradition breeding (eu-selection method) developed to ordinary breeding (cross) then to modern breeding (gene engineering, molecular breeding), breeding developed from one art to the science. Breeding is a science more than an art today. Breeding is a philosophy with high abstraction and integration and a science with high-level theory and art. Breeder must be a specialist in discovering and utilizing key genes and creating new genotypes. Selecting and crossing parents and selecting good offspring are the key art in the breeding program. Breeding is the eugenics in the environment science, and is the economics in the ecology science. Eight principles are suggested for crop breeding as follows: overcoming the key limit factor for high yielding, high yielding,stable yielding, widely compatibility, high efficiency use of every kinds of natural resources,meeting the need for society, adapting to ecology selection and innovating in the evolution. Breeding science needs to be innovated and developed continuously in future. We should put more attention on reasonably utilizing and combing with every kinds of breeding technology, developing and enhancing the level of science and art of breeding, increasing the selecting efficiency in crop breeding, and selecting more excellent crop varieties.