有机茶园土壤微生物区系年度变化规律研究

在湖南湘阴县兰岭茶厂古桐岭10年生有机茶园,于2003和2004年3月—11月,分别对土壤中的霉菌、细菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、好气性固氮菌进行了种群数量的分离测定。结果表明,霉菌从早春3月开始大量繁殖,5月达全年高峰,随后逐月下降,至10月种群数量又再次升高,11月降至全年最低点。细菌变化状况呈两个高峰,6、7月和9、10月,11月后数量下降至次年5月后再次升高。放线菌变化,早春3、4月种群数量较高,随后逐步下降,至秋季9、10月再次升高,达全年高峰,入冬后数量减至最低水平。酵母菌变化以9、10月数量最高,11月数量下降,至第二年3月为最低,全年呈一个高峰。芽孢杆菌年度变化曲线呈漏斗状,6月份数量为全年最高,7、8、9月明显下降。好气性固氮菌为茶园土壤中的优势菌群,变化曲线在6月和9月有两个明显高峰,以9—11月高峰维持时间长。

Study on the Change Rule of Soil Microorganism in Lanling Organic Tea Garden in Xiangyin County

The population quantity of mold, bacteria, actinomyces, saccharomycetes, bacillus, and aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria had been separated and determined in soil of Gutongling ten-years-live organic tea garden in tea reprocessing factory of Lanling, from March to November in 2003 and 2004. The results showed that population of mold massively reproduced in early spring in Mar., achieved to the whole year peak in May, later dropped by the month, elevated once more in Oct., and in Nov. reduced to the whole year most low point. The bacteria''s change condition presented two peaks, Jun. to Jul. and Sep. to Oct. It reduced from Nov. to next May. The population of actinomyces was highest in Mar. and Apr., gradually dropped afterwards, and elevated to the most high point in Sep. and Oct., reduced to the lowest horizontal at the beginning of winter. The quantity of saccharomycetes was the highest in Sep. and Oct, and then gradually reduced to the lowest in next Mar., one peak a year. The funnel shape of Bacillus change curve represented the peak in Jun. Aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria was the superiority bacteria colony in the tea garden soil. It had two peaks in Jun. and Sep., the peak maintained longer from Sep. to Nov.