西藏农业生产结构分析及调整措施初探

通过对西藏1995—2002年之间农业生产总值、种植业、畜牧业统计数据进行分析,发现西藏现有的农业生产结构存在如下问题:(1)种植业和畜牧业是西藏农业产值的主要组成部分,种植业和畜牧业发展不协调。(2)种植结构单一,以粮食作物为主,粮:经:饲=87:11:2,比例不合理。在粮食作物内部麦类作物占绝对比重,经济作物以油菜为主,均表现出明显的单一性。(3)畜群结构单一,为牛、羊为主的反刍类动物占绝对比重的草食型畜群结构,加大了西藏的草畜矛盾,不利于西藏畜牧业的健康快速发展。针对这些问题,笔者提出以下调整措施:(1)降低粮食作物尤其是青稞和小麦的播种面积,增加蔬菜、水果的种植面积。(2)推广粮草轮作制度,加强农牧结合。(3)增加猪、鸡的数量,逐渐以耗粮型与草食型相结合的畜群结构代替单一的草食型畜群结构。

The Adjustment Measures and Analysis of Agricultural Production Structure in Tibet

The article put forward several problems in Tibetan agricultural production structure based on the analysis of statistical date of the planting industry structure, livestock husbandry structure and gross output value of agriculture from year 1995 to year 2002. (1) Livestock husbandry and planting industry are the main component of the gross output value of agriculture in Tibet, and the development of planting industry and livestock husbandry is imbalance. (2) The structure of planting industry is single, the cereals crops are the dominant crop, the proportion of cereals crop, economic crop, feed crop is unreasonable, it''s 87:11:2, and cereals crops are the dominant crop of grain crop, while the rape is dominant crop in economic crop. (3) The structure of herd also is monotonous, the structure is dominant by grass eating ruminate animal such as sheep and battle. Such herd structure sharp the contradiction between grass and livestock and hinder the health and high-speed development of livestock husbandry in Tibet. Based on these results, we put forward following adjustment measures: (1) reduce the grain crop especially the highland barley and wheat, enhance the vegetable and fruit. (2) Extend the cereal-forage rotation system reinforce the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry. (3) Enhancing the scale of pigs and birds, gradually establish the herd structure of grass-eating combined with cereals-eating to instead of the single herd structure of grass-eating.