湘中、南烤烟漂浮育苗技术研究及推广应用

为配合烤烟漂浮育苗技术在湖南的推广应用,针对当地实际,对漂浮育苗基质配方、肥料配方及漂浮育苗配套技术进行了研究。研究结果表明,由泥炭、炭化谷壳和珍珠岩按一定比例配成的14号基质较好的协调了基质中固、液、气的比例,适于漂浮育苗;漂浮育苗专用肥配方2充分利用水源中的钙镁等矿质成分,降低了生产成本,有利于漂浮育苗的推广应用;12月中旬是湘中、南烟区适宜的播期,能满足烟株120d以上的大田生育期和避免与后茬作物争季节的矛盾;剪叶3￣5次、剪叶面为1/3￣1/2烟叶面,有利于烟苗素质的提高;生产示范和推广应用表明,在育苗成本、烟苗素质、经济性状和对病害的防治等方面,漂浮育苗较两段育苗有优势。

Research on Flue-Cured Tobacco Seedling Production with Floating System and Its Application in Southern and Central parts of Hunan Province

In order to introduce techniques of flue-cured tobacco seedling production with floating system in Hunan Province, experiments were carried out on formulation of medium and nutrient solution as well as other suitable tobacco seedling production techniques. The results suggest that medium 14 mixing of peat, fine perlite, and carbonized chaff to a scale is recommended to tobacco seedling production with floating system. It indicates that because of the utilization of mineral nutrition, such as Ca2 and Mg2 , in water, nutrient solution 2, which is suitable to tobacco seedling growth and development, is cheaper in costs of production. It shows that the middle ten days of December are the most suitable sowing date, witch guarantee flue-cured tobacco more than 120 days growth duration after transplanting and avoid conflicts between tobacco production and succession crop production. It indicates that 3~5 times of leaf cutting and 1/3~1/2 cutting area of tobacco leaf are in favor of high quality of tobacco seedling. Demonstration tests show that tobacco seedling production with floating system gains an advantage over two-stage system in cost of tobacco seedling production, seedling quality, prevention and cure of tobacco disease as well as production trait, etc.