商洛桔梗氮磷钾不同配比施肥效应研究

以商洛桔梗为研究材料，在探讨不同施肥处理的产量、品质及经济效益的基础上，确定氮磷钾最佳施肥配比，以期为商洛桔梗优质高产栽培提供合理的施肥依据。采用3因素2次饱和-D最优设计方案进行田间试验，获取桔梗的产量数据；采用超声法提取总皂苷，香草醛-硫酸比色法测定桔梗总皂苷含量；采用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定桔梗多糖含量；根据试验产量和肥料投入，测算增收率。试验结果表明：（1）施肥能提高桔梗药材产量。10个处理中以氮磷钾三元素配施（8、9、10处理）产量增幅显著，处理9的增产效应最为明显，其1年生、2年生试验产量增幅分别为84.30%和75.38%。（2）合理的氮磷钾配比能够提高桔梗药材质量。2年生桔梗处理9的桔梗总皂苷含量最高达8.41%，比对照组提高71.98%。（3）经济效益分析表明处理9的增收率最高达69.4%。在本研究条件下，依据桔梗产量、质量及经济效益得出商洛桔梗最优施肥方案为处理9（折合为N 325.92、P₂O₅ 664.16、K₂O 416.46 kg/hm²）。

Effectiveness of Fertilizer Application of Different N, P, K Proportion on Platycodon grandiflorum Growing in Shangluo Area

The effects of different fertilization treatments on yield, quality and economic benefits of Platycodon grandiflorum growing in Shangluo area were studied to optimize the N, P, K fertilization proportion, in order to provide reasonable scientific basis for Platycodon grandiflorum fertilization. A field experiment with threefactor and quadratic saturation D-optimal design was conducted to evaluate the Platycodon grandiflorum yield. The ultrasonic technology was applied to extract the total saponins from Platycodon grandiflorum. The total saponins and total polysaccharides were determined by vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetry and phenol-vitriolic colorimetry, respectively. The rate of increased income was determined based on yield in trials and fertilizer application. The results showed that： （1） Fertilizer could improve the medicinal materials production of Platycodon grandiflorum. The yield of N, P, K elements combined application in 3 of 10 treatments increased （treatment 8, 9 and 10） significantly. Production effect of treatment 9 was the most obvious. Its annual and two year test yield increase was 84.30% and 75.38%, respectively. （2） The reasonable N, P, K ratio could improve the quality of Platycodon grandiflorum medicinal materials. The total saponin content of treatment 9 from two reached up to 8.41%, 71.98% higher than that benefit analysis showed that the income rate of treatment 9 was the highes of control group. （3） Economic t, up to 69.4%. The optimum fertilization scheme was treatment 9 （N 325.92, P2O5 664.16, K2O 416.46 kg/hm2）.