光波和光强对几种重要农业害虫趋光性的影响

为探明几种常见农业害虫的趋光行为间的差异，以及为灯光诱捕器类产品研发改进提供理论依据，通过室内比较研究在不同波长或光强的荧光灯刺激下，几种常见农业害虫的趋光行为，结果表明：（1）在CK光源(335.09~359.95 nm，408.66~432.83 nm)，灯诱距离为1 m的条件下各种昆虫的趋光率的高低次序为：棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)＞斜纹夜蛾Prodenia litura (Fabricius)＞粘虫Leucania loreyi (Duponchel)＞朽木夜蛾Axylia putris (Linnaeus)＞喙丽金龟Adoretus sinicus (Burmeister)＞小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon (Rottemberg)＞稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée)＞鳃金龟Holotrichia lata (Brenske)＞甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)。（2）20种不同波长光源中4个光源对棉铃虫诱集率较高。（3）在CK光源3个不同水平的光照度条件下(1.18、0.6、0.24 lx)，棉铃虫、斜纹夜蛾和鳃金龟都表现出趋光率随光强增强而增高的趋势。（4）棉铃虫、斜纹夜蛾和鳃金龟都在19:30—20:30和22:45—次日7:00 2个时间段内趋光率最高。（5）采用CK光源在室外灯诱的鳞翅目昆虫中，雄虫数量明显高于雌虫，且雌虫有较高的携卵率；蓝紫色光波能够引诱更多的昆虫，而绿色或黄绿色的光波引诱效果不佳。

Effects of Light on the Phototaxis of Several Important Agricultural Pests

In order to investigate several common agricultural pests＇ phototaxis difference and to provide a theoretical basis for the development and improvement of insecticidal lamps; herein by determining the chemotactic behavior of insects indoor, we studied several common agricultural pests＇ relationship between phototaxis behavior at different wavelengths or light intensity of the fluorescent stimulation. The results showed that： （1） under conditions of CK light （335.09-359.95 nm, 408.66-432.83 nm）, light trap distance of 1 m, phototaxis rate of a variety of insects was Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner） 〉Prodenia litura （Fabricius） 〉 Leucania Ioreyi （Duponchel） 〉Axylia putris （Linnaeus） 〉Adoretus sinicus （Burmeister） 〉Agrotis ypsilon （Rottemberg） 〉 Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guente） 〉 Holotrichia lata （Brenske） 〉 Spodoptera exigua （Hubner）; （2） after using 20 different wavelengths of light to trap Helicoverpa armigera （Hubner）, four wavelengths of higher trapping rate were found during the trapping process; （3） under conditions of CK light and three kinds of different light intensity （1.18, 0.6, 0.24 lx）, Helicoverpa armigera （Hubner）, Prodenia litura （Fabricius） and Holitrichia lata （Brenske） exhibited the trend that phototaxis rate increased with light intensity enhancement; （4） Helicoverpa armigera （Hubner）, Prodenia litura （Fabricius） and Holotrichia lata （Brenske） all had the highest phototaxis during the two periods： 19：30-20：30 and 22：45-7：00; （5） among the outdoor light trap Lepidopteran insects by the CK light, the number of males was significantly higher than females, and females carrying eggs had a higher rate; blue-violet light of fluorescent light could lure more insects, while green or yellow-green light had poor lure results.