祁连山东段农牧交错区农牧户生计现状与评估

运用问卷调查与半结构访谈相结合的方法对祁连山东段不同类型农牧户的生计现状按居住区海拔由高到低的顺序进行了调查,分析了不同类型农牧户的生产经营方式及其对经济发展的制约因素和改善现状的途径。结果表明：纯牧区优质草地资源短缺、牧草质量差、生产方式单一;纯农区耕地资源贫乏,家庭中年龄结构偏大,文化水平低;半农半牧区生态尤为脆弱,农牧户生产资料缺乏,农牧业生产规模小,技术水平低,获得的优惠政策少,面临的生存压力最大。通过生计制约因素的分析,提出农牧交错区建设饲草料基地和养殖小区,吸收农区秸秆饲草资源,冷季引入家畜进行异地育肥的＂农牧互补＂模式;在暖季开展生态旅游、畜产品深加工或技术型农业等生态畜牧业和服务业。转变交错区的生态与传统产业的劣势,发挥其区位与信息流的优势,通过生计的多样化与互补性,改善农牧交错区农牧民生计的思路与对策。

Survey and evaulation of households livelihoods in agro-pastoral land located in eastern Qilian Mountains

Using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews approaches, the paper surveied the house- holds′ livelihoods in eastern Qilian Mountain from low to high altitude, analyzed their production,the eeonomicial constraints as well as the adopting approaches for improveing current situation. The results showed that there were poor quality forages,monocaltural farming and lack of high-quality pasture,in the pastoral land, a lack of crooping land,old householders and low educational level in cropping land,and the fragile ecological sys- tem, lack of production materials, small scale of agricultural production with low technique level, and few subside policies in agro-pastoral land. Based on the analysis of livehood strains,the paper summired that the sown pasture and pen feeding farm should be establishedin for the crop-livestock mixed production model in agro-pastoral land. Meanwhile, the ecolical animal husbandry, including tourism in warm seasons, further processing, etc. should be promoted in the land. Shifting the disadvantage of ecology and tranditional industry, developing the re- gional and informayion advatage ,and establishing the mult-livehoods in the agro-pastoral land.