磷矿山不同年度人工恢复植被的林分特征研究

2010年通过对昆阳磷矿山损毁林地不同年度恢复及不同混交模式的林分进行调查研究,结果表明,在磷矿山恢复初期,旱冬瓜、藏柏和麻栎3个树种以旱冬瓜生长最为迅速,能快速成林;藏柏次之;麻栎最慢。由1986年、2005年、2006年、2007年恢复的林分物种及多样性指数比较可知,随着植被恢复时间的增加,灌木也逐渐增加;随着林分逐渐郁闭和土壤理化性质的改变,除受紫茎泽兰生态入侵的影响,草本组成由初期多年生草本过渡为1、2年生草本,向阳性草本过渡为耐阴性草本,种类由多到少,数量由少到多过渡,这一阶段群落的丰富度、多样性变化和均匀度变化规律不明显,但随着林分恢复时间的逐渐增加,林下灌草层会逐渐趋向于平衡,达到一个良好的层次结构。

Stand Characteristics of Artificial Restoration Vegetation in Different Years on Phosphorus Mine

The stands of damaged woodland on phosphorus mine in Kunyang with different restoration times and mixed patterns were investigated.The results showed that at the beginning of restoration,Alnus nepalensis grew rapidly,followed by Cupressus torulosa and Quercus acutissima.The comparison between stand species and diversity restored since 1986,2005,2006 and 2007 indicated that the number of shrub increased gradually with restoration time.With the stand gradually closed,the herb composition changed from perennial herbs to annual and biennial herbs,the dominant herb species from cheliophytes species to shade-tolerant plants,the species from more to less while the number from less to more.In this stage the changes of richness,diversity and evenness were not obvious.With the increaser of stand restoration time,shrub and herbaceous layers under canopy tended to a balance and reached to a good structure gradually.