日照琅琊鸡催乳素基因的遗传变异与就巢性的相关性研究

【研究目的】采用候选基因法研究催乳素基因的遗传变异对家禽就巢性的影响，可为控制家禽就巢性奠定理论基础。【方法】设计引物特异性扩增PRL的5’调控区序列，对PCR产物进行基因分型，统计分析不同基因型与就巢性的相关性。【结果】在所检测的琅琊鸡鸡群中发现PRL的5’调控区存在遗传变异；发现了PRL的三种基因型；统计分析结果表明，三种基因型与鸡的就巢性的遗传效应差异显著（P<0.05），其中AA型鸡的就巢性最低，与AB和BB型鸡的就巢性存在着显著差异（P<0.05）；AB和BB型鸡的就巢性均较高，后两者差异不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】提高A等位基因的频率将有利于降低鸡的就巢性，据此可以在育种选择中实现早期基因型选种，研究结果有助于科学地保护和利用我国优良地方家禽品种资源。

Genetic Effects of Nucleotide Variations in Ri-zhao Lang-ya Chicken PRL Gene on Broodiness Traits

The variation detection of prolactin genes and the analysis of association with Ri-zhao Lang-ya chicken broodiness traits will established the rationale basic. The primers of PRL were designed to amplify the 5＇ control region of PRL gene of Ri-zhao Lang-ya chickens and PCR-SSCP technique was used to detect the polymorphism existed in the herd. PCR products were detected and the SNPs in the test population were analyzed to investigate the relationship between the different gene types and broodiness traits. Three genotypes of PRL were found in the Ri-zhao Lang-ya chicken herd. The relationship between gene types of AA, AB, and BB with their broodiness traits was significant（P 0.05）. Thus AA Gene type has the lowest broodiness traits than that of AB and BB, and there are no significant difference between gene types of AB and BB. The achievements of the study allow us to accelerate the poultry breeding progress against broodiness to enhance egg production and breeding ability by increasing the frequency of A gene, and therefore to better preserve and utilize local avian genetic resources.