东北地区水稻主要株型性状比较分析

以2006年和2007年辽宁、吉林、黑龙江3省水稻区域试验品种(系)为材料，分别在辽宁沈阳、吉林公主岭和黑龙江五常研究了水稻的株型特征及其与产量的关系。结果表明东北地区多数品种是穗型直到半直立(82.6%)、着粒密度中到稀(80.2%)、穗重轻到中(72.8%)、二次枝梗分布下部优势型(98.8%)。黑龙江主要是弯、半直立穗型品种，吉林以半直立穗型品种为主，辽宁则以直立穗型品种为主。吉林和黑龙江品种多数是中、稀穗型和中、轻穗型，辽宁主要是中、密穗型和中、重穗型。穗颈大、小维管束数和第2节间大、小维管束数平均值表现为辽宁＞吉林＞黑龙江。辽宁上三叶长、宽大于吉林和黑龙江，但叶基角较小。穗颈大、小维管束数和第2节间大、小维管束数与一、二次枝梗数和一、二次枝梗粒数及二次枝梗粒率呈极显著正相关，与一、二次枝梗结实率和千粒重呈负相关。聚类分析结果表明，东北地区育种单位选育的品种多数处于中、高产量水平，总体上有穗型直立、着粒密度大、重穗型、穗颈维管束数多、上三叶长且宽而角度小、株高和生物产量高有利于高产的趋势。

Comparison of Rice Plant Types in Northeast Region of China

Eighty-one rice cultivars and lines tested in regional trial in Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces in 2006 and 2007 were used to study the plant-type characteristics and their relationships with yield in Shenyang, Gongzhuling, and Wuchang. The results indicated that the plant-types of most cultivars and lines in northeast region of China were EPT (erect panicle type) or SEPT (semi-erect panicle type) according to PNC (panicle-neck curvature), DPT (dense panicle type) or SDPT (semi-dense panicle type) according to grain density, MPT (middle panicle type) or HPT (heavy panicle type) according to panicle weight and low part panicle superior. Most rice cultivars or lines were CPT (curve panicle type) or SEPT in Heilongjiang, SEPT in Jilin and EPT in Liaoning; semi-dense or loose panicle type, and MPT (middle panicle type) or TPT (thin panicle type) in Jilin and Heilongjiang, and dense panicle type and HPT(heavy panicle type) in Liaoning. Large vascular bundles in neck (LVBN), small vascular bundles in neck (SVBN),large vascular bundles in the second internode (LVBS) and small vascular bundles in the second internode (SVBS) ranked as Liaoning＞Jilin＞Heilongjiang; length and width of the top three leaves of Liaoning cultivars were the largest, but basic angle less than that of Jilin and Heilongjiang. LVBN, SVBN, LVBS, and SVBS were very positively correlated with primary branches, primary branch grains, secondary branches, secondary branch grains, and secondary branch grain rate, but negatively correlated with seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of primary branch and secondary branch. Cluster analysis showed that most cultivars in northeast of China were high-yielding or mid-yielding. With a tendency of more vascular bundles, longer and wider the top three leaves, higher plant, larger biomass and smaller angle of leaf.