甲壳动物幼体消化酶研究进展

通过研究近年来国内外学者关于甲壳动物幼体消化酶方面的研究现状,发现目前已测定出甲壳动物幼体消化酶的种类主要有：蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、羧肽酶A、羧肽酶B、氨肽酶、胶原酶、弹性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、酯酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、几丁质酶、麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶、昆布多糖酶等种类,初步归纳了甲壳动物幼体主要消化酶的分子量、最适pH和最适温度;分析了幼体发育过程中消化酶活力变化模式以及与食性的关系,并采用淀粉酶/蛋白酶活力（A/P）比值或淀粉酶/类胰蛋白酶（A/T）比值作为甲壳动物幼体的食性指标;观察了幼体消化器官的发育,阐明幼体消化酶的合成与分泌不仅由遗传控制、中肠腺发育程度等因子决定,而且还与饲料的营养水平有关,提出采用幼体消化酶对饲料组成的适应性研究幼体营养需求的新途径.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：492-501]

A review on digestive enzyme of crustacean larvae

The advances in research of basal theory and application of digestive enzyme of crustacean larvae were reviewed from following aspects: 1) Classification and characterization.The primary sorts identified are Protease,Trypsin,Carboxypeptidase A,Carboxypeptidase B,Arylamidase,Collagenase,Elastase,Pepsin,Chymotrypsin,Esterase,Lipase,AmylaseAmy,Cellulase,Chitinase,Maltase,Sucrase,Laminarinase etc.,and the molecular weight,optimum pH and temperature of larvae digestive enzyme were narrated.2) The relation between the changes of digestive enzyme activity and feeding habit of larvae.The ratios of AmylaseAmy/ Protease(A/P) and AmylaseAmy/Trypsi(A/T) maybe appropriate indexes to feeding habit of larvae.3) Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzyme.The development of digestive organs of larvae were synthesized and the conclusion indicated that the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzyme were not only controlled by inheritance and developmental stage of midgut gland,but also by the composition of diets.The mensuration of digestive enzyme of crustacean larvae and indexes to the feeding habit of larvae were discussed,and the new approach to study the nutritional requirement of crustacean larvae from the adaptability of digestive enzyme to the composition of diets.