安徽省沿淮地区农业洪劳灾期特征与避洪种植模式

在论述安徽省沿淮地区洪涝灾害及农业避洪减灾问题的基础上,着重分析了沿淮地区农业洪涝灾期特征(沿淮地区平均梅汛期、最长梅汛期和农业洪涝危害期的时间分布特征)及夏季农业洪涝易发的原因(夏季梅汛期多暴雨、沿淮地区地势低洼、作物正处生育关键时期、生态失衡人水争地),并且针对安徽省沿淮地区洪涝灾害的实际情况,提出了与传统种植模式不同的避洪种植模式(如荞麦大麦种植模式、青玉米大麦种植模式、大白菜大麦种植模式、大蒜苗荞麦种植模式、萝卜洋葱种植模式、大棚秋季西红柿大棚春季西红柿种植模式、大棚芹菜地膜马铃薯等种植模式),以确保8月下旬至次年5月中旬无汛期的安全生产和高效生产。研究结果可为农业洪涝易发区灾期分析拓展思路,也可为农业避洪减灾和高效种植提供技术模式。

Characteristics of agricultural flood disaster phase and the cultivating models for avoiding flood disaster along Huaihe River of Anhui Province

This paper is concerned on the problems of flood disaster in agriculture and the measures for reducing losses along Huaihe River.Focusing on the characteristics and reasons of the disaster,the seasonal and spatial distribution of the disaster at the average and the longest plum flood season and the agricultural flooding period are analyzed.The reasons inducing agricultural disaster during summer include heavy showers at the plum flood season,the low topography key period of crop growth and water competition bewteen man and crop.Based upon these analysises,we put forward new cropping patterns in order to avoid the flood.The new patterns include buckwheat and barley,silage corn and barley,Chinese cabbage and barley,garlic sprout and buckwheat,radish and onion,autumn tomato and spring tomato in green house,green house celery and film-covered potato etc.These findings may widen agricultural income in the flood-sensitive region and can be used as the technical pattern for avoiding flooding disaster in the region.