主要森林植被土壤及枯落物水分蒸发量动态研究

运用固定标准地观测的方法,对辽东山区几种主要森林植被落叶松幼龄林、落叶松中龄林、红松幼龄林、红松中龄林、柞树林、杂木林土壤的枯落物水分蒸发量进行测量。试验表明单位面积上落叶松幼龄林的平均日蒸发量最小,农田的日蒸发量较大。影响单位面积蒸发量的主要因子为地表枯落物量,同时蒸发量又与郁闭度呈弱负相关,地表至20 cm表层土壤的水分蒸发量占总蒸发量的绝大部分,而20 cm以下的土壤失水很少,红松林的土壤水分在20 cm以上的土层有上下交流的现象,而农田的水分上下交流活跃带可深达25 cm。根据布兰尼—尼里德尔公式推算出了辽宁省实验林场邻域范围内的年土壤和枯落物水分蒸发量,表明蒸发量的月份间差异显著,蒸发量冬季较小而在夏季很大。

Evaporation of Different Forest Vegetation Types in Mountainous Areas of Eastern Liaoning

Comparative studies evaporation of such 7 representative forest vegetation types as young growth larch,half-mature larch,young growth Korean pine,half-mature Korean pine.oak,weed tree,corpland in mountainous areas of eastern Liaoning by detecting the fix plots.The results indicated that evaporation in young growth larch is more lower than the others,and the cropland's is the most high.The most important factor to effect the evaporation is litter on the forest ground and there is negative correlation between evaporation and covering,Evaporation of the layer from soil surface to 20 cm is dominant as the lower soil lost less water than the upper.Water in the Korean pine's soil exchange up and down upon 20 cm and the crop's can exchange each other upon 25 cm.According to the model of BLANEY-CRIDDLE,the amount of evaporation in each vegetation types in mountainous areas of eastern Liaoning is counted.It refer to amount of the evaporation is hight in summer and little in winter as inflation from mouth to mouth.