枇杷茎尖组培苗的遗传稳定性及生产性能

本实验证明,枇杷组培苗与同品种嫁接苗以及原母株相比,组培7—15代苗,无论在树姿、树形、叶片和花期、花形、果实各形态指标,色泽、风味、品质以及种子特征等各植物学性状上均没有发生变异。其过氧化物酶同工酶等生物化学特性也没有差别。组培苗营养生长整齐一致,个体间差异小,第2—5年生长量平均比嫁接苗快30％,根系也较发达;栽植第2年第1次成花比嫁接苗少62.4％,第3、4、5年花量及结果量比嫁接苗分别高62—175％,51—197％。说明其不受砧木、接穗来源以及嫁接口愈合状况不同的影响,而具有良好的生产性能。

GENETIC STABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN CLONAL PLANT DERIVED FROM SHOOT-TIP CULTURE OF LOQUAT

Among arboreous fruit trees, the genetic stability of rapid propa-gated clonal plants derived from tissue culture should be considered. According to our experimental results,the 7th-l5th filial clonal plants derived from tissue culture of loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. ) appeared without variations as compared with their original plants or the grafted plants in some kinds of botanical index, such as their tree appearance, leat morphology, flower period,spike shape, fruit morpho-logy, as well as fruit's colour, flavour, quality and the feature of seed. Isozyme of peroxidase or other the biochemical analysis also indicated that there was no differences between them. Tissue-cultured plants exhibited uniformity in vegetative growth and had little distinc-tion amony individuals, and the average growth rate of them was 30% higher than that of grafted plants in the 2nd-5th year after planted in the field. Their root system was also stronger. In the second year after planted in the field, the number of primary flowers was re-duced by 62% than that of grafted plants. However, in the 3rd, 4th and 5th year, the amount of flowers and fruits were increased by 62-175% , 51-197% respectively than that of grafted plants. It showed that these plants derived from tissue culture were not affected by those factors such as stock, scion and recovering situation of grafting con-nection which were affected grafted plants deeply. Therefore they presented an improved productivity.