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Microstructural changes in the maize kernel pericarp during cooking stage in nixtamalization process |
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| Authors: | E Gutiérrez-Cortez I Rojas-Molina A Rojas JL Arjona MA Cornejo-Villegas Y Zepeda-Benítez R Velázquez-Hernández C Ibarra-Alvarado ME Rodríguez-García |
| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001 C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, A.P. 1-1010, México;2. Laboratorio Experimental Multidisciplinario LEM-A. Ingeniería en Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. 1 de mayo s/n, Cuautitlán Izcalli, C.P. 54740, Edo. de México, México;3. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, C.P. 76230, Querétaro, México;4. División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Qro., México;5. Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, C.P. 76010 Querétaro, Qro., México |
| Abstract: | The microstructural changes in the maize pericarp during the critical lime-cooking step of a traditional nixtamalization process are reported. Scanning Electron Microscopy at low vacuum (SEM-LV) images and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) were used to study the evolution of the pericarp transformation during lime-cooking and the CaCO3 formation on the pericarp. Moisture content in cooked maize kernels and calcium content in the pericarp were used as physicochemical criteria in order to establish the end of the cooking step. For the first time, the cooking step was analyzed in situ by using a differential photoacoustic cell (DPC), in order to associate photoacoustic amplitude signals of nixtamalized pericarp with its structural modifications. X-ray diffraction patterns of nixtamalized pericarp showed an increase in the peak intensity of the crystalline fraction compared with the native pericarp. These results were supported by SEM images and amplitude signals obtained through the use of the photoacoustic technique. |
| Keywords: | Maize Pericarp Calcium Thermo-alkaline treatment Photoacoustic |
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