大豆蛋白抗原对断奶仔猪生长性能、小肠消化酶活性及组胺水平的影响

选取88头7日龄＂杜×长×大＂三元杂交仔猪,按体质量和性别随机分成11组,每组8头。仔猪经皮下注射进行免疫,A组（对照组）注射生理盐水,大豆球蛋白（11S）B、C、D免疫组注射11S500μg/kg.w,21日龄时进行二免,23日龄C、D组分别肌肉注射11S2 500、5 000μg/kg.w;大豆球蛋白（11S）E、F组不免疫,23日龄肌肉注射11S2 500、5 000μg/kg.w。β-伴大豆球蛋白（7S）分组同11S。所有仔猪于23日龄断奶,在7、21、35日龄时空腹称重,计算平均日增重。试验结束时,每组选择5头仔猪进行屠宰,取十二指肠近端、空肠中段、回肠近段各2cm,用于测定消化酶活性和组胺水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,免疫500μg/kg.w 11S和7S可显著提高断奶仔猪平均体质量和平均日增重（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,直接致敏2 500、5 000μg/kg.w的11S和7S可显著降低断奶仔猪的平均体质量和平均日增重（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;11S可显著降低断奶仔猪十二指肠、回肠中胰淀粉酶、蛋白酶和十二指肠脂肪酶活性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,降低十二指肠、回肠组胺水平（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;而7S显著降低断奶仔猪十二指肠、空肠胰淀粉酶、蛋白酶和十二指肠中脂肪酶活性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,降低十二指肠、空肠组胺水平（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。与免疫组相比,免疫后致敏5 000μg/kg.w的11S可显著降低断奶仔猪的平均体质量和平均日增重（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）、十二指肠、回肠中胰淀粉酶、蛋白酶、十二指肠脂肪酶活性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）和十二指肠、回肠组胺水平（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;致敏2 500、5 000μg/kg.w的7S差异不显著（P〉0.05）。对仔猪提前免疫大豆蛋白抗原,能显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能和小肠中消化酶活性,降低组胺的释放,从而促进仔猪的生长,并且7S的免疫效果明显优于11S。

Effects of soybean proteantigen on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities and histamine levels in the small intestine of weanling piglets

Eighty-eight ＂Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire＂ crossbred piglets（7d±2 of age） were randomly divided into eleven groups of 8 piglets each by weight and sex.The piglets were immunized by hypodermical injection,with physiological saline solutio in control group,respectively with 500 μg/kg·w of 11S in three groups of 11S B,C,D,and the second immunization at 21 days old.2 500,5 000 μg/kg·w of 11S were respectively intramuscularly injected in the groups of 11S C,D at 23 days old.The piglets in groups of 11S E,F were not immunized and respectively intramuscularly injected with 2 500,5 000 μg/kg·w of 11S at 23 days old.The groups of 7S were treated as the same as 11S.All piglets were weaned on 23 days old and weighted on 7,21 and 35 days old,the average daily gain was calculated.At the end of the trial,55 piglets（5 per group） were bled via the anterior vena cava;the proximal duodenum,middle jejunum,and proximal ileum were collected for measuring the digestive enzyme activities and histamine levels.The results showed that,compared with the control group,the AW and ADG of piglets injected with 500 μg/kg·w of 11S and 7S were increased significantly（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）,the AW and ADG of piglets injected with 2 500,5 000 μg/kg·w of 11S and 7S were decreased significantly（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）;the pancreatic amylase and protease activities in duodenum and ileum and the lipase activities in duodenum and the histamine levels in duodenum and ileum of the piglets injected with 11S were decreased significantly（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.The pancreatic amylase and protease activities in duodenum and jejunum and the lipase activities in duodenum and the histamine levels in duodenum and jejunum of the piglets injected with 7S were decreased significantly（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.Compared with the immune group,the AW and ADG,the pancreatic amylase and protease activities in duodenum and jejunum and the lipase activities in duodenum and the histamine levels in duodenum and jejunum of piglets injected with 5 000 μg/kg·w of 11S were decreased significantly（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）;but there was no significant difference in piglets injected with 2 500,5 000 μg/kg·w of 7S（P〈0.05）.It was suggested that immunization of 11S and 7S could effectively improve the digestive enzyme activities and decrease the histamine levels in small intestine,enhance the growth of piglets.