木霉T97菌株对几种植物病原真菌的拮抗作用机制和温室防治试验

从土壤中分离了一木霉Trichoderma sp.菌株T97.竞争及对峙培养结果表明,木霉T97对豌豆根腐病菌Fusarium solani f.sp.pisi、番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、茄子黄萎病菌Verticillium dahliae、黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum、小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici、小麦根腐病菌Bipolaris sorokiniana和立枯丝核病菌Rhizoctonia solani等7种病原菌有较强的生长竞争优势.光学显微观察表明,木霉T97通过缠绕、附着和穿透的方式寄生立枯丝核菌、番茄灰霉病菌和小麦全蚀病菌.受T97作用后,茄子菌核病菌的菌丝尖端肿大、变粗,豌豆根腐病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌的菌丝出现断裂等溶菌现象.用T97培养物(0.6%(w/w))处理土壤,对茄子黄萎病和菌核病、黄瓜枯萎病和菌核病以及豌豆根腐病的苗期病害防治效果达66%～81%.用T97孢子悬浮液108cfu/mL在花期喷雾保护黄瓜、辣椒和番茄叶面,对灰霉病的防治效果相当于50%速克灵WP 3 000倍液.

The antagonism mechanisms and diseases control trials of Trichoderma strain T97 against several plant fungal pathogens in greenhouse

Trichoderma sp.strain T_(97)was isolated from soil.The result of the dual cultureshowed that the strain had strong competitive dominance against 7 pathogenic fungi includingFusarium solani f.sp.pisi,Botrytis cinerea,Verticillium dahliea,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum,Gaeumannomyces graminis,Bipolaris sorokiniana and Rhizoctonia solani.Micro-scopic observation illustrated that T_(97)parasitized R.solani,G.graminis and B.cinerea obvi-ously by coiling or penetrating into their hyphae.The infected pathogen hyphae were distorted,contracted or broken.It was also demonstrated that the hyphae of F.solani f.sp.pisi werelysed and the tip of S.sclerotiorum hyphae get swollen and became dark.The soilborn diseases including eggplant Verticillium wilt and Sclerotinia blight,cucumberFusarium wilt and Sclerotinia rot and pea root rot,were controled with efficiency of 66%-81% by soil treatment with T_(97)(0.6%(w/w))before sowing.By spraying with spore suspen-sion(10~8cfu/mL) of T_(97),the control efficiency for grey mold of hot pepper,cucumber and to-mato in greenhouse was corresponded to that of the fungicide procimidone(50%,WP).