三峡库区缓坡林地产流初探

以三峡库区重庆市缙云山为研究地，以坡耕地为对照在当地布设混交林、阔叶林、毛竹林、灌木林和坡耕地五种植被结构的标准径流小区，利用方差分析方法对降雨量、降雨历时、平均降雨强度、地表径流量和径流持续时间五个特征数据进行分析，结果表明：（1）5种植被类型地表径流开始出现时间差异显著，其出现时间早晚依次为：坡耕地、阔叶林、灌木林、毛竹林地、混交林；地表径流持续的时间差异不显著，径流持续时间依次为：混交林、毛竹林、灌木林、坡耕地、阔叶林。（2）从水源涵养林角度出发，5种植被类型减少地表径流量存在显著差异，地表径流量依次为：坡耕地、混交林、毛竹林、灌木林、阔叶林。（3）建立了混交林、阔叶林、毛竹林、灌木林四种林分和以坡耕地为对照共5种植被类型坡面产流模型，通过对该模型进行检验，发现该模型因子具有很强的显著性和极高的拟合度，能准确的对坡面产流讲行预测和分析。

An Analysis of the Surface Runoff Characteristic and Runoff Yield of Different Woodlands in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

We studied five parameters of surface runoff (rainfall, rainfall duration, average rain intensity, surface runoff amounts and runoff sustained time) at standard sloping runoff plots of a mixed wood, a broad-leaved forest, a Mao bamboo forest, shrubbery and sloping field in Mt. Jinyun of Chongqing located in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Analyzing those data through average the square analysis method, we obtained several results. Difference of arisen time of five vegetation forms was notable, appearing in the order of sloping field, broad-leaved forest, shrubbery, Mao bamboo forest and mixed wood. The difference of sustained time of surface runoff was not notable. From the perspective of forest for conservation of water supply, the surface runoff amounts reduced by the five vegetations had notable difference, with the sloping field being the maximum and the broad-leaved forest the minimum. Based on those data, we built up 5 slope-runoff models of four stand forests-mixed wood, broad-leaved forest, Mao bamboo forest and shrubbery-and control-sloping field. Through the model testing, those models were found to have high notability and high goodness-of-fitting; and slope-runoff yields were forecast and analyzed by those models accurately.