工商资本下乡种粮的增收机制——基于案例的实证分析

目前学术界对于工商资本务农的效益存在许多争议,尤其是在种粮领域。以安徽、山东和河北的新型农业经营主体为研究对象,通过实地调研,从工商资本投资农业生产的技术、资本、管理、加工、销售以及效益等方面探讨了其下乡种粮的增收机制。结果表明:1)先进的技术与精细的规模化管理模式是保证种粮增收的重要前提。与一般的粮食规模经营主体相比,工商资本通过先进的粮食生产技术和精细的规模化管理获得了规模经济,保障了粮食的产量和品质,从而增加了收入。2)农业产业链的延伸以及品牌化营销是保证种粮增收的关键。工商资本主导的粮食规模经营主体通过开展粮食加工和创建品牌增加了农产品附加值,从而使其在种粮领域取得较高的收益。基于此,提出要通过考察涉农工商资本的农业背景、监督工商资本的生产行为和土地流转过程、完善农村金融和农产品市场,以及引进农业技术和管理人才等措施促进资本务农实现增收。

The revenue growth mechanism of growing grain by industrial and commercial capital into agriculture: An empirical analysis based on cases

Currently, there is no consensus from academia about the benefit of industrial and commercial capitals investing in agriculture, especially investing in grain production. Taking the new agricultural business entities from Anhui, Shandong, and Hebei as examples, this paper explores the technology, capital, management, processing, selling and benefits of industrial and commercial capitals investing in agriculture and seeks to explain the revenue growth mechanism of industrial and commercial capitals investing in grain production. Results show that: 1) advanced technology and precision scale-management are critical to the revenue growth of industrial and commercial capitals investing in grain production because of the effects of the economy of scales and the guaranteed yield and quality; 2) extending agricultural industrial chain and branding are also key measures to the revenue growth. The new agricultural business entities established by industrial and commercial capitals developed value added products by processing grain and branding, leading to higher revenue. In conclusion, this paper suggests that the Government should survey the background of these new agricultural enterprises, supervise the production behaviors and land circulation process of industrial and commercial capitals, perfect rural financial and product markets, and introduce advanced technology and professionals to increase the revenue of industrial and commercial capitals investing in agriculture.