Estimates of genotypic and yearly variations on fruit quality and functional traits for tetraploid table grape breeding |
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Authors: | Mikio Shiraishi Hiroyuki Fujishima Hiroyuki Chijiwa Koji Muramoto |
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Institution: | (1) Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center, 587 Yoshiki, Fukuoka 818-8549, Japan |
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Abstract: | We estimated genetic and environmental variance components for fruit quality traits (cluster weight, berry weight, soluble
solids content, total sugar content, sugar composition, free acid content, total amino acid content, amino acid composition),
and a functional trait (gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content) of three commercial tetraploid table grape cultivars (Kyoho,
Pione, Suiho) grown in Japan over three successive years. ANOVA showed that the effect of genotype was significant (P < 0.05) for all traits except soluble solids content and total sugar content. The effect of the year was significant for
all traits except amino acid composition (γ ratio) and GABA content. The variance of genotype (σ
g
2) was highest for γ ratio (63.6%), high in sugar composition (α ratio, 60.3%) and GABA content (58.8%), and negligible for
soluble solids content (0.0%) and total sugar content (0.0%). The variance of among years (σ
y
2) was very high in soluble solids content (82.8%), high in total sugar content (60.2%) and negligibly small in γ ratio (8.7%)
and GABA content (6.4%). Some effects of genotype × year interaction, among vines within genotypes, and vine × year interaction
were statistically significant, but these components were negligibly small. Except for soluble solids content and total sugar
content, significant varietal differences in the traits were recorded. Variance estimates for each trait provides useful information
for optimal yearly repetition to effectively discriminate genetic differences in fruit quality and functional traits for improving
future tetraploid table grape breeding programs. |
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Keywords: | |
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