硅对小麦产量与籽粒品质的影响

为给小麦优质生产中硅肥的使用提供参考依据,采用大田小区试验,以两个春小麦品种龙麦26和克旱16为材料,研究了硅肥施用量(15～75kg.hm-2)对小麦植株形态、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,适量施硅可提高小麦籽粒产量,其中龙麦26的增产幅度大于克旱16,穗粒数和穗数的增加分别是两个品种增产的主要原因;施硅对小麦植株高度和茎秆基部粗度影响不显著,但不同程度地增加龙麦26的穗长;硅肥对千粒重、容重和蛋白质含量等籽粒品质影响不显著,但显著提高了龙麦26的干湿面筋含量、面粉吸水率和面团断裂时间等加工品质指标,同时改善了其面团的拉伸特性。在本试验条件下,龙麦26的适宜施硅量为30kg.hm-2,克旱16为60kg.hm-2,过量施硅不利于小麦籽粒产量和品质的形成。

Effects of Silicon on Yield and Grain Quality of Wheat

A field experiment was performed to investigate the effects of silicon (Si) on the plant morphological characters, grain quality, yield and its components in two spring wheat genotypes of Longmai 26 and Kehan 16 under basal fertilizer application with Si at 0 to 75 kg·hm^-2. The results showed that appropriate dosage of silicon fertilizer increased grain yield of wheat,with more increase for Longmai 26 than that for Kehan 16. The yield increase for Longmai 26 and Kehan 16 resulted from the increase of grain number per spike and spike number,respectively.There was no significant effect of silicon fertilizer on plant height and stem base diameter of wheat, but the spike length of Longmai 26 increased at varying degrees. There was no significant effect of silicon fertilizer on grain quality parameters of 1000 grain weight,test weight and grain protein content,but the content of wet gluten, water absorption of flour and fracture time of paste were greatly enhanced for Longmai 26, and the extension quality of paste was improved. It suggested that 30 kg·hm^-2 and 60 kg·hm^-2 silicon were appropriate for Longmai 26 and Kehan 16,respectively, and more silicon was not favorable for the formation of, wheat yield and quality.