冬季覆盖作物对南方稻田水稻生理生化及生长特性的影响

2004～2009年以冬闲-双季稻为对照,对黑麦草-双季稻、紫云英-双季稻、油菜-双季稻和马铃薯-双季稻4种不同冬季覆盖作物稻田水稻植株的生理生化和生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:4种稻田冬季覆盖作物处理均能提高双季稻植株叶片的叶绿素含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,而丙二醛(MDA)含量除早稻的苗期和分蘖期外,其他生育时期均低于对照;各处理早稻有效穗分别比对照增加18.08万穗·hm-2、21.25万穗·hm-2、12.75万穗·hm-2和17.26万穗·hm-2,结实率分别增加4.98%、8.50%、13.62%和6.99%,千粒重分别增加0.24g、0.10g、0.14g和0.43g,产量分别增加324.44kg·hm-2、381.17kg·hm-2、91.04kg·hm-2和303.46kg·hm-2;各处理晚稻有效穗分别比对照增加9.81万穗·hm-2、11.48万穗·hm-2、5.06万穗·hm-2和14.91万穗·hm-2,结实率分别增加6.29%、8.81%、15.11%和8.50%,千粒重分别增加0.93g、0.88g、0.10g和0.90g,产量分别增加302.28kg·hm-2、316.03kg·hm-2、110.13kg·hm-2和468.17kg·hm-2。该研究显示,在南方双季稻田种植冬季覆盖作物可增强水稻叶片的抗氧化酶活性,促进其生长发育,从而改善水稻的产量及其构成因素,有利于水稻产量的增加。

Effects of winter cover crops on physiological and biochemical properties and growth of double cropping rice in South China

The effects of four different winter cover crops, rygrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), Chinese mild vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), on physiological and biochemical properties and growth of double cropping rice in South China were studied in a located experiment from 2004 to 2009. The results show that chlorophyll content, activities of SOD, POD and CAT in leaves of double cropping rice increase under four winter cover crops compared with CK (fallow of paddy field in winter) during growing season. MDA content decreases except at seedling and tillering stages of early rice. Four winter cover crops increase early rice effective tillers number by 18.08×104·hm^-2, 21.25×104·hm^-2, 12.75×104·hm^-2, 17.26×104·hm^-2; seed setting rate by 4.98%, 8.50%, 13.62%, 6.99%; 1000-grain weight by 0.24 g, 0.10 g, 0.14 g, 0.43 g; yield by 324.44 kg·hm^-2, 381.17 kg·hm^-2, 91.04 kg·hm^-2, 303.46 kg·hm^-2, respectively. They increase late rice effective tillers number by 9.81×104·hm^-2, 11.48×104·hm^-2, 5.06×104·hm^-2, 14.91×104·hm^-2; seed setting rate by 6.29%, 8.81%, 15.11%, 8.50%; 1000-grain weight by 0.93 g, 0.88 g, 0.10 g, 0.90 g; yield by 302.28 kg·hm^-2, 316.03 kg·hm^-2, 110.13 kg·hm^-2, 468.17 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The results indicate that the winter cover crops in double cropping rice paddy field may increase antioxidases activities, promote growth and development, and ultimately improve yield and yield components of rice.