播期和密度对芸豆生长、干物质积累及产量的影响

基于黑龙江省芸豆主栽地区春季频繁发生低温干旱,生产上经常晚播的生产实际,为了寻求适应实际生产条件的播期和密度协调栽培技术,在大田试验条件下探讨了5月15日(I)、5月25日(II)、6月04日(III)3个播期和15万株/hm~2(D1)、20万株/hm~2(D2)、25万株/hm~2(D3)、30万株/hm~2(D4)4个种植密度对芸豆植株性状、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明:相比于第I播期,第II和III播期条件下,芸豆的株高、茎粗、主茎节数和分枝数均有所下降,但芸豆的生长率有所增加。同时,随播期的推迟,芸豆花后的单株干物质积累和群体干物质积累逐渐下降趋势,单株荚数和单株粒数呈先增后减趋势。II-D2处理的产量最高,其次为I-D2和III-D3处理,分别比不同播期下D1处理多27.18%~45.31%、17.57%~34.34%、14.92%~31.31%。总体来看,在3种播期下,合理的种植密度能够使芸豆生长率、花后群体干物质积累增加,构建优良群体结构,在晚播(III)时适度密植(D3)的增产稳产优势更明显。

Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Growth, Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Common Bean

Based on the actual production problem that the sowing date of common bean is always delayed due to frequent low temperature and drought in spring in its main planting areas of Heilongjiang Province, this study aims to select coordinated cultivation technology of sowing date and planting density for common bean. A field experiment was conducted with 3 sowing dates (May 15, May 25 and June 04, denoted as I, II and III) and 4 planting densities (15×104 plant/hm2, 20×104 plant/hm2, 25×104 plant/hm2 and 30×104 plant/hm2, denoted as D1, D2, D3 and D4), to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density on agronomic characters, dry accumulation and yield of common bean. Results showed that compared with sowing date I (May 15), plant height, stem diameter, node number and branch number on main stem decreased, but growth rate increased under sowing date II (May 25) and III (June 04). Moreover, with the delay of sowing date, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in single plant and population of common bean decreased gradually, pods per plant, seeds per plant and weight of 100 seeds in common bean first increased and then decreased. For the seed yield per hectare, II-D2 was the highest, followed by I-D2 and III-D3, and they were 27.18%-45.31%, 17.57%- 34.34%, 14.92%-31.31% higher than D1 treatment under different sowing dates, respectively. Overall, under the three different sowing dates, reasonable planting density resulted in higher growth rate and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and excellent canopy structure in common bean population. It was more obvious in increasing and stabilizing seed yield with late sowing date (III) and moderate high planting density (D3).