云南外来入侵农田杂草发生与危害特点

云南省农科院环资所杂草研究室于1996年至2010年间开展了云南农田杂草的野外调查,共发现云南外来入侵农田杂草有186种,隶属41科,122属。外来杂草数量最多的是菊科和禾本科,分别有37种和35种,数量较多的科有豆科19种,苋科12种,茄科9种,大戟科8种。草本杂草有172种,占外来杂草植物种数的92.5%。1年生杂草植物有79种,占外来杂草植物种数的42.5%;2年和多年生杂草植物有85种,占外来杂草植物种数的45.7%。分布区域主要集中于滇南和滇中的各有122种和102种,分别占外来杂草种数的65.6%和54.8%;属于全省分布的有23种,占外来杂草植物种数的12.4%。绝大多数的外来杂草属于一般性杂草,危害的农作物主要是蔬菜、玉米和果园。调查结果表明,云南外来农田杂草的种类、数量、危害范围和严重性居全国之首。为此,各相关部门应高度重视,采取强有力的措施防止其入侵和危害进一步加剧。

Occurrence and Infestation of Invasive Weed in Crop Field in Yunnan

According to investigation of Weed Research Lab.,Institute of Environment and Resource Research of YAAS in crop field from 1996 to 2010,186 invasive weeds belonging to 41 families and 122 genera were identified and recorded in Yunnan province.Among them,Compositae and Gramineae were the main invasive weeds including 37 and 35 species,respectively,then Leguminosae(19), Amaranthaceae(12),Solanaceae(9) and Euphorbiaceae(8).There were 172 species of herb accounting for 92.5 % of the total species,79 annual weed species and 85 perennial weed species which accounted for 42.5 % and 45.7 % of the total species respectively.Most of invasive weeds distributed in South and Central Yunnan,and the major infested crops were vegetable,maize and orchard.It was concluded that the number and infestation severity of invasive weeds of crop field in Yunnan province was No.1 among all the provinces in China,more attention should be paid to this issue,and effective measures should be adopted to tackle the damage of invasive exotic plant.