Control techniques and strategies for regional air pollution control from energy and industrial sectors

The technological options currently available to reduce SO₂ and NO_x emissions including abatement technologies and high efficient energy conversion technologies are reviewed. The energy emission model EFOMENV (Energy Flow Optimization Model-Environment) which takes into account all relevant emission reduction measures is used to determine the cost optimized energy pathway, the ranking of reduction measures and the corresponding costs as a function of given reduction levels of SO₂ and/or NO_x emissions for different scenarios in selected Central and Eastern European countries. It is shown that restructuring of the energy system is a major emission reduction option in all countries but with a potential varying greatly from country to country depending mainly on the existing structure and the age of the plants and on the development of the energy demand. The emission reduction costs for SO₂ in Central and Eastern European countries are 50% to 70% lower than in Western countries due to high potential of fuel/technology switching and energy saving measures. Cost efficient measures to reduce CO₂ emissions also lead to a significant decrease of SO₂ and NO_x emissions.