巢湖流域农村生活污水处理技术模式调查和分析

通过对巢湖流域9个县市典型的农村生活污水处理示范工程的调查分析,结果表明:目前巢湖流域生活污水处理主要有分散式厌氧-人工湿地集中处理、三水分离处理、污水收集集中处理和一体化设备集中处理等4种模式。其中分散式厌氧-人工湿地集中处理模式能减轻黑水管网布设的费用,在规划良好的村庄是一种可持续性发展的污水处理模式;三水分离模式主要是就地处理冲厕黑水,该模式投资比较省,无需完善的污水收集系统,可在经济水平落后且远离河流等公共水域的村庄应用;集中处理模式和一体化污水集中处理模式具有污水处理可控的优点,但需要完善的污水管网收集系统,投资费用高昂,在经济发达且良好规划的新村能取得很好的效果。

Investigation on Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment Models in Chaohu Lake Basin

The purpose of this study is to investigate the typical demonstration projects of rural domestic wastewater treatment at nine different counties in Chaohu Lake Basin.Results showed that there were four kinds of rural domestic wastewater treatment models,which were decentralized sanitation anaerobic-constructed wetland centralized treatment system,three-kind wastewater separation treatment system,centralized treatment system and centralized treatment of integrated equipments system respectively at present in Chaohu Lake Basin.The decentralized sanitation anaerobic-constructed wetland centralized treatment system could reduce the capital costs of sewage pipe network construction,which would be a kind of sustainable model for the rural area with good planning.The three-kind wastewater separation treatment system could treat the toilet blackwater in situ,which could save investment cost and operate well with the poor-found wastewater collection system and provide application for the rural area far way from the public water body with undeveloped economy.The centralized treatment system and centralized treatment of integrated equipments system could control and manage the process of wastewater treatment very well,which need the well-found wastewater collection system and large amount of investment and both were suitable for the rural area with developed economy and good planning.According to the analyses of running effects and operational management of the four kinds of rural domestic wastewater treatment models,the design of rural domestic wastewater treatment for Chaohu Lake Basin could be provided and mitigate the pollutants brought by rural domestic wastewater.