大蒜废弃物对农作物病原菌的抑制效果

我国大蒜废弃物资源丰富,为引导其合理化、资源化利用,测定了大蒜提取物对大豆尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum fsp.tracheiphilum)、油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)d eBary)、大豆细菌性斑点病菌(Pseudomonas.s yringae pv.glycinea)和水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae〔Ishiyama〕Dye,Xoo)4种植物病原菌的抑制作用,并通过大蒜提取物、大蒜渣、大蒜肥对土壤中大豆尖孢镰刀菌的抑制试验,测定了其在土壤中对土传病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明,高浓度的大蒜提取物对这4种植物病原菌有抑制作用,随着提取物浓度的升高,抑菌效果也更为明显。质量浓度为500mg.mL-1时对大豆尖孢镰刀菌、大豆细菌性斑点病菌和水稻白叶枯病菌的抑菌效果最好。培养基中提取物浓度达100mg.mL-1时对两种真菌的抑制达100%。同时,含大蒜提取物0.05mL.g-1、大蒜渣5%或大蒜肥25%的土壤能抑制土传病原菌大豆尖孢镰刀菌在土壤中的定殖。

Inhibitory Effects of Garlic Waste on Pathogenic Microorganisms of Corps

Garlic extract has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity,so garlic products have been widely used in food,medicine,animal breeding,agriculture,and so on.The planting area of garlic in our country is more than a third of the total cultivated area of the world.Most of them are for direct food comsumption,rough machining,primary products,export,therefore,garlic waste resource is very abundant.In order to discuss the role of garlic waste on crop disease prevention and determine the reasonable dosage of garlic extract to restrain the pathogenic bacteria and not to hurt crops,we carried out the experiment of antibacterial effect of garlic extract,the antibacterial activity and inhibitory effect tests of garlic extract and garlic slag on soil-spread pathogen,Fusarium oxysporum f sp.tracheiphilum.The inhibitory effects of garlic extract on four kinds of plant pathogen as Fusarium oxysporum f sp.tracheiphilum,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary,Pseudomonas.syringae pv.glycinea) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv·oryzae(Ishiyama) Dye,Xoo,were determinde.Meanwhile,the inhibitory effect of garlic extract,garlic slag and garlic fertilizer on soil spread pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f sp.tracheiphilum were determined.The results of paper disc method to determine the inhibitory effect of garlic extract on pathogen showed that garlic extract had different levels of inhibition on the three plant pathogenic bacteria.Besides,antibacterial effect was more apparent along with extract concentration increase.When its concentration was 100 mg·mL-1,it had inhibitory effect on Fusarium oxysporum f sp.tracheiphilum and Pseudomonas.syringae pv.glycinea.When its concentration was 300 mg·mL-1,it had inhibitory effect on Xanthomonas oryzae pv·oryzae〔Ishiyama〕 Dye,Xoo.Antibacterial effect on the three pathogenic bacteria was strongest at 500 mg·mL-1 concentration.The experimental results of hypha growth rate determination to showed that it had apparent inhibitory effect on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f sp.tracheiphilum when garlic extract was 20 mg·mL-1 of the culture medium and the growth was completely restrained when the concentration reached 100 mg·mL-1.The culture medium with 10 mg·mL-1 garlic extract had inhibitory effect on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary,and it was fully inhibited when concentration reached only 30 mg·mL-1.In the inhibitory experiment of garlic extract,slag,fertilizer on Fusarium oxysporum f sp.tracheiphilum in the soil,garlic extract could effectively restrain its reproduction.Soil applied with 0.05 mL·g-1 garlic extract or 5% garlic slag or 25% garlic fertilizer could inhibit the reproduction of soil-spread Fusarium oxysporum f sp.tracheiphilum.